Chapter 14 Flashcards
The molecules carrying the body’s genetic information; double stranded in the shape of a double helix
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
The fluid portion of unclotted blood
Plasma
A red blood cell
Erythrocyte
The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
Serum
A substance, usually a protein, that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
Antigen
A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen; are found in the blood serum
Antibody
Blood serum that contains specific antibodies
Antiserum
The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
Agglutination
The study of antigen-antibody reactions
Serology
Enzymes that accelerate the oxidation of several classes of organic compounds by peroxides
Peroxidases
A red blood cell protein that transports oxygen in the bloodstream; it is responsible for the red color of blood
Hemoglobin
Antibodies produced by injecting animals with a specific antigen; a series of antibodies is produced responding to a variety of different sites on the antigen
Polyclonal antibodies
A collection of identical antibodies that interact with a single antigen site
Monoclonal antibodies
Fused spleen and tumor cells; used to produce identical monoclonal antibodies in a limitless supply
Hybridoma cells
The most sensitive chemical test that is capable of presumptively detecting bloodstains diluted to as little as 1 in 100,000; its reaction with blood emits light and thus requires the result to be observed in a darkened area
Luminol
An antibody that reacts with its corresponding antigen to form a precipitate
Precipitin
A unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
Gene
A rodlike structure in the cell nucleus, along which the genes are located; it is composed of DNA surrounded by other material, mainly proteins
Chromosome
The female reproductive cell
Egg
The male reproductive cell
Sperm
The cell arising from the union of an egg and a sperm cell
Zygote
The female sex chromosome
X chromosome
The male sex chromosome
Y chromosome
The physical location of a gene on a chromosome
Locus
Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point at a particular pair of chromosomes; ex. the genes determining the blood types A and B
Allele
Having two identical allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes
Homozygous
Having two different allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes
Heterozygous
The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Genotype
The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
Phenotype
An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
Acid phosphatase
An abnormally low sperm count
Oligospermia
The absence of sperm; sterility in males
Aspermia
