Chapter 14

Question 1

The molecules carrying the body’s genetic information; double stranded in the shape of a double helix

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 2

The fluid portion of unclotted blood

Answer 2

Plasma

Question 3

A red blood cell

Answer 3

Erythrocyte

Question 4

The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed

Answer 4

Serum

Question 5

A substance, usually a protein, that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it

Answer 5

Antigen

Question 6

A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen; are found in the blood serum

Answer 6

Antibody

Question 7

Blood serum that contains specific antibodies

Answer 7

Antiserum

Question 8

The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody

Answer 8

Agglutination

Question 9

The study of antigen-antibody reactions

Answer 9

Serology

Question 10

Enzymes that accelerate the oxidation of several classes of organic compounds by peroxides

Answer 10

Peroxidases

Question 11

A red blood cell protein that transports oxygen in the bloodstream; it is responsible for the red color of blood

Answer 11

Hemoglobin

Question 12

Antibodies produced by injecting animals with a specific antigen; a series of antibodies is produced responding to a variety of different sites on the antigen

Answer 12

Polyclonal antibodies

Question 13

A collection of identical antibodies that interact with a single antigen site

Answer 13

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 14

Fused spleen and tumor cells; used to produce identical monoclonal antibodies in a limitless supply

Answer 14

Hybridoma cells

Question 15

The most sensitive chemical test that is capable of presumptively detecting bloodstains diluted to as little as 1 in 100,000; its reaction with blood emits light and thus requires the result to be observed in a darkened area

Answer 15

Luminol

Question 16

An antibody that reacts with its corresponding antigen to form a precipitate

Answer 16

Precipitin

Question 17

A unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome

Answer 17

Gene

Question 18

A rodlike structure in the cell nucleus, along which the genes are located; it is composed of DNA surrounded by other material, mainly proteins

Answer 18

Chromosome

Question 19

The female reproductive cell

Answer 19

Egg

Question 20

The male reproductive cell

Answer 20

Sperm

Question 21

The cell arising from the union of an egg and a sperm cell

Answer 21

Zygote

Question 22

The female sex chromosome

Answer 22

X chromosome

Question 23

The male sex chromosome

Answer 23

Y chromosome

Question 24

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome

Answer 24

Locus

Question 25

Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point at a particular pair of chromosomes; ex. the genes determining the blood types A and B

Answer 25

Allele

Question 26

Having two identical allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes

Answer 26

Homozygous

Question 27

Having two different allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes

Answer 27

Heterozygous

Question 28

The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual

Answer 28

Genotype

Question 29

The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type

Answer 29

Phenotype

Question 30

An enzyme found in high concentration in semen

Answer 30

Acid phosphatase

Question 31

An abnormally low sperm count

Answer 31

Oligospermia

Question 32

The absence of sperm; sterility in males

Answer 32

Aspermia