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Nazism > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What social welfare reform happened in 1924?

A

The Public Assistance system was modernised, providing help to the poor and destitute.

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2
Q

When was the Public Assistance system modernised?

A

1924

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3
Q

What social welfare reform happened in 1927?

A

A national unemployment insurance system was introduced to provide benefits to the unemployed.

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4
Q

When was the national unemployment insurance system introduced?

A

1927

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5
Q

What were the two issues with the social welfare reforms made under the Weimar Republic?

A
  1. It was very expensive.
  2. It required a very large and expensive bureaucracy to administer it.
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6
Q

How many disabled war veterans was the state supporting by 1926?

A

800,000

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7
Q

Why did people on benefits feel humiliated and less inclined to support the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Means testing was tightened.
  • Snoopers were used to check that claimants were not cheating the system.
  • There were delays in paying the benefits.
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8
Q

What happened to the living standards of millions of Germans between 1924-28?

A

They improved.

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9
Q

What was the ‘new woman’?

A

The symbol of the way women’s lives changed during the Weimar years.

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10
Q

What was the ‘new woman’ portrayed as?

A
  • Free
  • Independent
  • Sexually liberated
  • Visible in public life
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11
Q

What had the Weimar Constitution given women?

A
  • Equal voting rights
  • Equal access to education
  • Equal pay
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12
Q

How had the First World War changed women’s position in society?

A
  • Over 2 million German men had died, meaning women could not follow the traditional path of marriage.
  • During the war many women had entered the workforce while the men were away fighting, and were not about to give those jobs up easily.
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13
Q

What law remained in force during Weimar which undermined women’s independence?

A

The Civil Code of 1896

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14
Q

What did the Civil Code of 1896 state?

A

That in a marriage, the husband had the right to decide on all matters concerning family life, including whether his wife should be in paid employment.

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15
Q

What was the most popular women’s group in the 1920s?

A

The League of German Women (BDF)

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16
Q

What is the BDF?

A

The League of German Women

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17
Q

How many members did the BDF have?

A

900,000

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18
Q

What did the BDF support?

A

Traditional family values - definitely not the ‘new woman’.

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19
Q

How much of the German workforce were women in 1925?

A

36%

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20
Q

How many women teachers were there by 1933?

A

100,000

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21
Q

How many women doctors were there by 1933?

A

3000

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22
Q

What were ‘demobilisation’ laws?

A

Laws after the war that required women to give up their jobs to ex-soldiers.

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23
Q

What were many women required to do once they married?

A

Leave their job.

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24
Q

What were women who continued to work after getting married called?

A

They were attacked as ‘double-earners’ and blamed for male unemployment.

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25
Q

What happened to the birth rate during the Weimar period?

A

It decline due to wider availability of birth control.

26
Q

What happened to divorce rates during Weimar years?

A

They increased

27
Q

How many abortions were there by 1930?

A

1 million a year

28
Q

Although the abortion rate increased, why was this still part of the ‘myth’ of the new woman?

A

Because abortion remained illegal and was performed by unqualified people.

29
Q

Who opposed birth control?

A

The Catholic and Protestant churches

30
Q

How many women were elected to the Reichstag in 1919?

A

41

31
Q

What did the Reichstag have a higher proportion of women than?

A

The House of Commons

32
Q

How many women were in the Reichsrat?

A

None

33
Q

How many women cabinet members were there?

A

None

34
Q

Who was Clara Zetkin?

A

KPD member of the Reichstag from 1920 to 1933.

35
Q

How were young people viewed in Weimar Germany?

A

As breaking free from the constraints of family, school, and religion, turning to a life of crime and anti-social behaviour.

36
Q

What were children expected to do if they failed to get into a Gymnasium school?

A

Leave school at 14 and begin an apprenticeship or employment.

37
Q

Why were those children that left school at 14 disadvantaged?

A

There were fewer apprenticeships and jobs to be had.

38
Q

Who was disproportionately affected by the rise in unemployment after 1924?

A

Young people who were the most expendable.

39
Q

What proportion of the unemployed were aged between 14-21 in 1925?

A

17%

40
Q

With no education or work to pursue, where did young people turn?

A

Working-class youths living in cities joined gangs to find comradeship, support and adventure that was otherwise lacking.

41
Q

Who were the Wandervogel?

A

A non-political youth group of mainly middle-class boys who hated industrialisation.

42
Q

What activities did the Wandervogels do?

A

They wanted to get out of big cities and spent much time hiking in forests, swimming in lakes, and camping.

43
Q

What was the goal of church youth groups?

A

Instil a respect for the church, family, and school.

44
Q

When was the Social Democratic Youth movement established?

A

1925

45
Q

What youth group had the most members during Weimar?

A

The Social Democratic Youth movement.

46
Q

How many members did the Hitler Youth have by 1929?

A

13,000

47
Q

How did German Jews see themselves?

A

As more German than Jewish and were intensely patriotic.

48
Q

What proportion of private banks were owned by Jews?

A

50%

49
Q

What proportion of the entire banking sector was Jewish owned in the 1920s?

A

18%

50
Q

What proportion of lawyers were Jewish?

A

16%

51
Q

What percentage of doctors were Jewish?

A

11%

52
Q

What proportion of the total population were Jewish?

A

Just 1%

53
Q

What had many Jews done?

A

Assimilated into German society, marrying non-Jewish spouses and even converting to Christianity.

54
Q

What was Jewish Bolshevism?

A

The term used to imply that Jews and communists were closely linked and represented a danger.

55
Q

What was there a fear of between 1918 and 1924 with regards to Jews?

A

Jewish Bolshevism

56
Q

When was the Barmat scandal?

A

1925

57
Q

What was the Barmat scandal?

A

A high-profile court case in which three Barmat brothers were found guilty of having bribed public officials to abstain loans from the Prussian State Bank.

58
Q

What movement in German art dominated in Weimar?

A

Expressionism, which sought to express meaning and emotion rather than the traditional physical reality.

59
Q

What sort of music did Arnold Schoenberg create?

A

He created classical music that was ‘atonal’, and sounded harsh and lacks harmony is the view of traditionalists.

60
Q

When was the Bauhaus founded?

A

1919, by William Gropius

61
Q

How was American Jazz music, that gained much popularity during the golden age, viewed by traditionalists?

A

As morally degenerate

Nazism (19 decks)

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