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Nazism > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the hight of the hyperinflation crisis?

A

August 1923

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2
Q

What was Gustav Stresemann’s coalition called?

A

The great coalition

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3
Q

Why was Stresemann’s coalition called the great coalition?

A

Because it was the first to include parties from both the left and right.

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4
Q

How long was Stresemann chancellor for?

A

103 days

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5
Q

What was Stresemann’s priority?

A

To bring inflation under control.

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6
Q

What three steps did Stresemann do to bring inflation under control?

A
  1. End passive resistance
  2. Issue a new currency
  3. Balance the budget
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7
Q

When did Stresemann call of the policy of passive resistance?

A

September 1923

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8
Q

When was a new currency introduced?

A

November 1923

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9
Q

What was the new currency?

A

Rentenmark

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10
Q

What was the old currency that was replaced called?

A

Reichsmark

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11
Q

At what rate was the old currency exchanged for the new one?

A

1 new Rentenmark for 1 trillion Reichsmarks.

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12
Q

When did the new Rentenmark completely replace the Reichsmark by?

A

August 1924

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13
Q

Who directed the issuing of a new currency?

A

Hjalmar Schacht

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14
Q

How did Stresemann’s government balance the budget?

A

They cut expenditure and raised taxes.

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15
Q

What happened government employees as part of balancing the budget?

A

Salaries of government employees were cut and 300,000 civil servants lost their jobs.

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16
Q

Who did not gain from the introduction of a new currency?

A

Those who had lost their savings in the collapse of the old currency.

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17
Q

How many companies went bankrupt in 1923 compared to 1924?

A
  • 1923: 233
  • 1924: over 6000
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18
Q

When did Stresemann request the Allies set up a committee to address Germany’s repayment concerns?

A

November 1923

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19
Q

Why did the USA want Germany to be able to pay reparations to France?

A

Because that money would then be used by France to pay USA loans.

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20
Q

Who chaired the committee that addressed Germany’s repayment concerns?

A

Charles Dawes

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21
Q

When was the Dawes Plan accepted by both Germany and the Allies?

A

July 1924

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22
Q

What 3 things did the Dawes Plan do?

A
  1. Confirmed the original reparations payment of £6.6 billion.
  2. It reduced the amount Germany had to pay each year until 1929.
  3. The USA would loan Germany 800 million marks to invest in infrastructure and help the Germany economy.
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23
Q

How did Stresemann refer to the Dawes Plan?

A

‘no more than an economic armistice’

24
Q

What were the 2 benefits of the Dawes Plan?

A
  1. The Allies accepted Germany’s problems with repaying were real.
  2. The loans granted allowed for machinery, factories, houses, and jobs to be created and the economy rebuilt.
25
Q

When did wages begin to rise?

A

1924

26
Q

How many new homes were built in 1925 as a result of the economic recovery and loans?

A

179,000

27
Q

How many strikes were there in 1924?

A

1973

28
Q

How many strikes were there in 1930?

A

353

29
Q

What reason was in part responsible for the drop in strikes?

A

The introduction of compulsory arbitration

30
Q

What is compulsory arbitration?

A

When both sides of an industrial dispute agree to let an independent third party agree on a solution.

31
Q

When was compulsory arbitration made law?

A

1924

32
Q

What happened to wages every year after 1924?

A

The real value of wages increased.

33
Q

How much did wages increase in 1928?

A

12%

34
Q

What did Stresemann say about Germany’s economic position in 1929?

A

‘The economic position is only flourishing on the surface. Germany is dancing on a volcano.’

35
Q

What was the unemployment level by the end of 1925?

A

1 million

36
Q

What was the number of unemployed by March 1926?

A

3 million

37
Q

What were the 3 reasons for the large number of unemployed?

A
  1. There were simply more people seeking work.
  2. There were public spending cuts.
  3. Companies were cutting their workforces to make savings.
38
Q

Who did not enjoy the wage rises of the industrial sector?

A

White-collar workers.

39
Q

Who did not benefit from the economic golden age?

A
  • The Mittelstand
  • Farmers
40
Q

What had happened to white-collar and blue-collar workers by the late 1920s?

A

Blue-collar workers’ wages had drawn level with - and even overtaken - white-collar workers.

41
Q

What external factor led to farmers struggling to make a profit in the golden years?

A

There was a worldwide agricultural depression and grain surplus in 1925-26.

42
Q

What level was German agricultural production at by 1929?

A

It was less than ¾ of its pre-war level, showing that there had certainly been no economic recovery for them.

43
Q

Why was the ease with which farmers could borrow money after 1923 a problem?

A

It just saddled them with more and more debt at a time when prices were falling meaning they could not keep up repayments.

44
Q

When did the French and Belgians leave the Rhur?

A

By 1925

45
Q

Why did the French and Belgians leave the Ruhr?

A

Because with the Dawes Plan it was clear Germany would start making reparation payments again.

46
Q

When was did the committee meet in Paris to decide on a final settlement for reparations?

A

1929

47
Q

What did the Young Plan do?

A
  • Required Germany to continue paying reparations until 1988.
  • Reduced the total amount of reparations from £6.6 billion to just £1.8 billion.
  • Increased the annual amount Germany had to pay.
  • All foreign control over reparations ended.
48
Q

With the advent of the Young Plan, when did Britain and France agree to withdraw all their troop from the Rhineland by?

A

June 1930

49
Q

What was the response of the Right to the Young Plan?

A

They launched a nationwide campaign against it.

50
Q

Who led the nationwide campaign against the Young Plan?

A

Alfred Hugenberg, leader of the DNVP.

51
Q

What did the campaign against the Young Plan lead to?

A

They drafted the Freedom Law and demanded it be put to a referendum.

52
Q

What did the freedom law state?

A
  • That the government must reject the war-guilt clause.
  • Demand the immediate evacuation of all occupied areas.
  • Any minister who signed the Treaty of Versailles to be tried for treason.
53
Q

Although the referendum on the freedom law was rejected, how many people voted for it?

A

5,825,000 - 13.8% of the electorate.

54
Q

Who was given a leading role in the campaign against the Young Plan?

A

Adolf Hitler - making his breakthrough as a national political figure.

55
Q

When did Alfred Hugenberg become leader of the DNVP?

A

1928

56
Q

When was the Young Plan formally accepted?

A

January 1930 (it was finalised in August 1929 though)

Nazism (19 decks)

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