Chapter 6

Question 1

What is deviance

Answer 1

straying from what’s normal

Question 2

what are overt-characteristics

Answer 2

actions or qualities that are seen as explicitly violating the norm
ex.hair styles, clothing, music

Question 3

what are Covert characteristics

Answer 3

qualities that might make a certain group a target for sanctions
ex.race, age, ethnic background

Question 4

what are three important aspects of deviance that ‘tattooing” highlights

Answer 4

1. Deviance differs across cultures
2. Deviance changes over time
3. Deviance is contested (can cause conflict)

Question 5

what is conflict deviance

Answer 5

a disagreement among groups over whether something is deviant to not
ex.marijuana (was prohibited but is now legal)

Question 6

What is “Social Construction”

Answer 6

the idea that certain elements of life (like deviance/gender/race) are not natural but artificial and created by society

Question 7

What is Essentialism

Answer 7

the opposite of social construction

the idea that there is something natural and true about social characteristics

Question 8

Who studied Stigma and Deviance

Answer 8

Erving Goffman

Question 9

what is Stigma and what are the 3 types

Answer 9

discrimination against someone based on a persons characteristics

1. bodily stigmata
2. moral stigmata
3. tribal stigmata

Question 10

What is Bodily stigmata

Answer 10

any of various physical deformities

Question 11

what is Moral Stigmata

Answer 11

flaws in the character of an individual

Question 12

what is Tribal Stigmata

Answer 12

relating or being part of a group or family that is seen as bad
ex. the family of a murderer

Question 13

What is “the other”

Answer 13

an image constructed by the dominant culture ton characterize subcultures

Question 14

What were the “zoot suit riots’ that occurred in LA (1943)

Answer 14

teenage Latino and African men were targets for wartime tension as they were getting jobs due to the older people leaving for the war. The money they made was spent on a unique style of dress and haircuts and dancing. This was called Zuit suit culture

Question 15

what is a Moral Panic

Answer 15

a campaign designed to arouse concern over an issue or a group, usually something very small that has been exaggerated so it seems significant

Question 16

what is a moral entrepreneur and who was it coined by

Answer 16

someone who has something to gain through a moral panic- from public fear ex. a journalist
coined by Becker

Question 17

What is a Canadian example of a Moral Panic

Answer 17

when Zunera Ishaq fought to wear her hijab while taking the oath of Canadian citizenship. The government created a moral panic calling it offensive for wanting to hide your face during the oath

Question 18

what is racializing Deviance

Answer 18

making ethnicity a characteristic of deviance

ex. arabs seen as terrorists

Question 19

what is carding

Answer 19

a police procedure in which officers stop, question, and document people when no offence is being committed due to racial profiling

Question 20

what is misogyny

Answer 20

hating women

Question 21

what is patriarchal construct

Answer 21

when social conditions are structured in a way that favours men over woman
ex.men being paid more

Question 22

what were Magdalene asylums

Answer 22

They housed women who were prostitutes, or unmarried and sexually active against their will
yet men were not held back from acting this way

Question 23

Who was Mari Steed

Answer 23

she was born in Ireland and was brought to the US where she was put up for adoption

Question 24

what was the female refuge act (1913-1064)

Answer 24

is when young woman were forced to attend institutions/jails for being sexually active outside of marriage

Question 25

why are poor people considered deviant

Answer 25

because they are more likely to to overindulge in alcohol compared to other classes and are more likely to commit crime

Question 26

What did Jeffery Reiman argue

Answer 26

That the criminal justice system is biased against the poor

Question 27

what is the ‘schools-to-prison’ hypothesis

Answer 27

the idea that schools that are located in poorer/racialized neighbourhoods have higher crime rates, suspensions, and violence

Question 28

what was the Ontario’s Safe School Act

Answer 28

it examined school suspension rates in all off Ontario and showed that the areas with the highest rates also had higher rates in incarceration (imprisonment)

Question 29

What are Social resources

Answer 29

refers to knowledge of the law/legal system, and the ability to afford a good lawyer and social connections.

They help people avoid punishment from the police/courts. Which is why most poor people and up in jail and rich people get away with their crimes

Question 30

what is impression management

Answer 30

the control of personal information to manipulate how others see and treat you

Question 31

when was homosexuality legalized

Answer 31

1967

Question 32

which countries have the most severe penalties for homosexuality

Answer 32

Africa and the Middle East and in Brunei (death penalty)

Question 33

Who is Lennard Davis

Answer 33

a leading figure in the sociological study of disability

Question 34

What is the Eugenics Movement

Answer 34

it was a movement based on the belief that intelligence can be measured easily and that it is inherited

Question 35

Who was Henry Goddard

Answer 35

he believed that feeble-mindedness (being dumb) was hereditary

Question 36

What was the Sexual Sterilization Act

Answer 36

Occurred in Alberta, it was the belief that controlled breeding could be used to improve the population by limiting the reproduction of unfavourable characteristics, which also punished racial ethnic deviants especially indigenous peoples.

Question 37

Who was Leilani Muir

Answer 37

She was a 14 year old girl who had failed an IQ test. As a result, her Fallopian tubes were destroyed so that she could no longer reproduce

Question 38

Who developed the Strain theory

Answer 38

Robert Merton

Question 39

what is the strain theory

Answer 39

the idea that there is a disconnect between societies culturally defined goals and the unequal distribution of means necessary to achieve these goals

Question 40

What does “anomie” mean

Answer 40

When those with less resources find themselves prevented from achieving societies version of success, they experience anomie

Question 41

who developed the structural theory

Answer 41

Albert Cohen

Question 42

what is the subcultural theory

Answer 42

the theory that youths drawn to crime are those who have failed school, and became socialized into a delinquent subculture (similar to strain theory)

Question 43

who created the labeling theory

Answer 43

Howard Becker

Question 44

what is the Labeling Theory

Answer 44

The theory that individuals and groups outside the mainstream internalize the labels applied to them by the dominant class

(might cause them to act a certain way)

Question 45

who created the Social Control Theory

Answer 45

Travis Hirschi

Question 46

What is the social control Theory

Answer 46

Social control theory proposes that people’s relationships, commitments, values, norms, and beliefs encourage them not to break the law.

four elements of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.

Question 47

when were the crack years

Answer 47

mid 1980s

Question 48

why are Canadians more afraid of crime

Answer 48

because of 24/7 news and media (informing society of all the Crime that is going on?