Chapter 5

Question 1

What is a status

Answer 1

a status is a recognized social position that a person has

Question 2

what is a status set

Answer 2

a collection of statuses you have

Question 3

when is a status considered “achieved”

Answer 3

when you have entered into it at a stage in your life, but you weren’t born into it.

ex. your race is NOT achieved

Question 4

what is an “ascribed” status

Answer 4

a status you were born with

ex. race

Question 5

what is passing

Answer 5

disowning your own status (like race) and instead claiming a dominant status

ex. gay people claiming to be straight

Question 6

when was homosexuality not against the law

Answer 6

in 1969

Question 7

is homosexuality achieved or ascribed

Answer 7

Ascribed BUT sometimes achieved because it involves a decision to behave in that way to fit in (passing)

Question 8

who introduced the concept of “master status”

Answer 8

Everett Hughes

Question 9

What does “master status” mean

Answer 9

It signifies the status that dominates all of an individuals other statuses and plays the greatest role in the individuals social identity

Question 10

Who developed the Labeling Theory

Answer 10

Howard Becker

Question 11

What is the Labeling theory

Answer 11

it states that when negative labels are attached to a stratus, a master status can be created by the individual and others.

Question 12

What is a status hierarchy

Answer 12

when statuses are ranked from high too low based on power.

Question 13

status consistency

Answer 13

when all of a persons statuses fall into the same range in the status hierarchy

Question 14

status inconsistency

Answer 14

opposite of status consistency

Question 15

who described the figure “marginal man”

Answer 15

Robert Park

Question 16

What does Marginalization mean

Answer 16

when groups are assigned into categories that set them at/beyond the margins of the dominant society

Question 17

What is a Role

Answer 17

a set of behaviours associated with a particular status

Question 18

what is Inuit elder abandonment

Answer 18

the idea that it was common for Inuit communities to abandon their elders during food shortages (not true)

Question 19

why were western social scientists slow to question the myth of Inuit elder abandonment

Answer 19

because western culture lacked its own positively defined role of Elder

Question 20

Who developed the idea of “role set” and what does it mean

Answer 20

Robert Merton - it contains all the roles that are attached to a certain status

Question 21

what’s a “role strain”

Answer 21

something that develops when their is conflict between roles within a role set (of a particular status)

Question 22

what is role conflict

Answer 22

when to roles interfere with one another

Question 23

What is role exit

Answer 23

disengaging in an important role to establish a new role, shifting your master status

Question 24

What is a pecking order

Answer 24

(who’s in charge) came from the idea that chickens who peck on other chickens are dominant (at the top of the hierarchy) and chickens who get pecked are not.

Question 25

whop studied small group interaction

Answer 25

Georg Semmel (a micro-sociologist)

Question 26

Who studied gangs in Chicago

Answer 26

Frederic Thrasher

Question 27

who studied European immigrants entering North America and also small group interaction

Answer 27

Willian Thomas

Question 28

What is the Thomas Theorem

Answer 28

The idea that individuals interpret shared experiences differently (same as the definition of the situation)

Question 29

Who brought the study of small group interaction to the laboratory

Answer 29

Robert Bales

Question 30

What is “interaction process analysis” (IPA)

Answer 30

dealt with ways of determining whether groups and their members were task-oriented or relationship-oriented

Question 31

What are the three reasons why sociologists are nit involved in studying small group interaction

Answer 31

1. Work was the product of a structural-functionalist perspective
2. it lacks consideration of gender, race, ethnicity snd other social factors
3. They view it as artificial

Question 32

What is social organization

Answer 32

the social and cultural principles of how people and things are structured/organized

Question 33

What is egalitarianism

Answer 33

the belief that all people should be equal and be given equal opportunities

Question 34

what is the difference between Theocracies and secular

Answer 34

theocracies are states organized around religion, seculars are non-religious states

kingdoms (king and church) turned into democracies

Question 35

Why is Canada not a “natural” social form

Answer 35

because if has a diverse population and is yet u unified through symbols (like the anthem/flag/constitution)

Question 36

What is a Cosmology

Answer 36

original principles/beliefs towards the universe, especially the role of humans in relationship to non humans
ex. indigenous cosmologies are rooted in the belief that all matter (living/non living) are interdependent (everything is connected)

Question 37

what are organization principles based on

Answer 37

our knowledge and understanding of the world which is informed by out cosmology

Question 38

Why dod North American organizational structures fail when attempting to work in a Japanese manner

Answer 38

Because Japanese culture is more collective rather than the individualist principles favoured in north America

Question 39

what are critical management studies

Answer 39

they challenge traditional theories

Question 40

what is the difference between male leaders and female leaders according to APA

Answer 40

male leaders have a “command and control” approach which emphasizes strong, central leadership

female leaders have a transformational style which is more collaborative and involves mentorship and shared decision thinking

Question 41

What did Carol Mueller identify

Answer 41

3 different types of organizational structures that has been developed by male forms

Question 42

what are the 3 ways Carol Mueller identified

Answer 42

1. Formal social movement organizations - professional (organizations dedicated to basic women’s rights)
2. Small groups- informal (publishing companies promoting women authors)
3. Service provider organizations - combine both (organizations dedicated to specific women’s rights like counselling services for abuse)

Question 43

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Answer 43

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