Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is a status
a status is a recognized social position that a person has
what is a status set
a collection of statuses you have
when is a status considered “achieved”
when you have entered into it at a stage in your life, but you weren’t born into it.
ex. your race is NOT achieved
what is an “ascribed” status
a status you were born with
ex. race
what is passing
disowning your own status (like race) and instead claiming a dominant status
ex. gay people claiming to be straight
when was homosexuality not against the law
in 1969
is homosexuality achieved or ascribed
Ascribed BUT sometimes achieved because it involves a decision to behave in that way to fit in (passing)
who introduced the concept of “master status”
Everett Hughes
What does “master status” mean
It signifies the status that dominates all of an individuals other statuses and plays the greatest role in the individuals social identity
Who developed the Labeling Theory
Howard Becker
What is the Labeling theory
it states that when negative labels are attached to a stratus, a master status can be created by the individual and others.
What is a status hierarchy
when statuses are ranked from high too low based on power.
status consistency
when all of a persons statuses fall into the same range in the status hierarchy
status inconsistency
opposite of status consistency
who described the figure “marginal man”
Robert Park
What does Marginalization mean
when groups are assigned into categories that set them at/beyond the margins of the dominant society
What is a Role
a set of behaviours associated with a particular status
what is Inuit elder abandonment
the idea that it was common for Inuit communities to abandon their elders during food shortages (not true)
why were western social scientists slow to question the myth of Inuit elder abandonment
because western culture lacked its own positively defined role of Elder
Who developed the idea of “role set” and what does it mean
Robert Merton - it contains all the roles that are attached to a certain status
what’s a “role strain”
something that develops when their is conflict between roles within a role set (of a particular status)
what is role conflict
when to roles interfere with one another
What is role exit
disengaging in an important role to establish a new role, shifting your master status
What is a pecking order
(who’s in charge) came from the idea that chickens who peck on other chickens are dominant (at the top of the hierarchy) and chickens who get pecked are not.
whop studied small group interaction
Georg Semmel (a micro-sociologist)
Who studied gangs in Chicago
Frederic Thrasher
who studied European immigrants entering North America and also small group interaction
Willian Thomas
What is the Thomas Theorem
The idea that individuals interpret shared experiences differently (same as the definition of the situation)
Who brought the study of small group interaction to the laboratory
Robert Bales
What is “interaction process analysis” (IPA)
dealt with ways of determining whether groups and their members were task-oriented or relationship-oriented
What are the three reasons why sociologists are nit involved in studying small group interaction
- Work was the product of a structural-functionalist perspective
- it lacks consideration of gender, race, ethnicity snd other social factors
- They view it as artificial
What is social organization
the social and cultural principles of how people and things are structured/organized
What is egalitarianism
the belief that all people should be equal and be given equal opportunities
what is the difference between Theocracies and secular
theocracies are states organized around religion, seculars are non-religious states
kingdoms (king and church) turned into democracies
Why is Canada not a “natural” social form
because if has a diverse population and is yet u unified through symbols (like the anthem/flag/constitution)
What is a Cosmology
original principles/beliefs towards the universe, especially the role of humans in relationship to non humans
ex. indigenous cosmologies are rooted in the belief that all matter (living/non living) are interdependent (everything is connected)
what are organization principles based on
our knowledge and understanding of the world which is informed by out cosmology
Why dod North American organizational structures fail when attempting to work in a Japanese manner
Because Japanese culture is more collective rather than the individualist principles favoured in north America
what are critical management studies
they challenge traditional theories
what is the difference between male leaders and female leaders according to APA
male leaders have a “command and control” approach which emphasizes strong, central leadership
female leaders have a transformational style which is more collaborative and involves mentorship and shared decision thinking
What did Carol Mueller identify
3 different types of organizational structures that has been developed by male forms
what are the 3 ways Carol Mueller identified
- Formal social movement organizations - professional (organizations dedicated to basic women’s rights)
- Small groups- informal (publishing companies promoting women authors)
- Service provider organizations - combine both (organizations dedicated to specific women’s rights like counselling services for abuse)
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