chapter 15 Flashcards
what is modernism
the belief that what is modern on new will be better than the old thing it replaces, society advances in a straight line and keeps getting better
who is often called the “modern founder of society” and was a cheerleader for modernism
auguste comte
what is positivism
the belief that the rules and methods of natural sciences can also be applied to social sciences
what is social darwinism
the belief that societies naturally advance from simple to complex and the strongest societies triumph
According to Lewis Morgan, what are the three stages of societal progress
savagery, barbarianism, and civilization
who coined the term “survival of the fittest” referring to humans in society
herbert spencer
what did Noam Chomsky argue
that modernism has a narrow vision and that whatever benefits the dominant class is justifiable
what do critics of modernism say about modernism
that science, technology, and industry has created as much problems than problems we already needed to solve
ex.pollution, longer work hours
how do conservatives view social change
they see it as destructive rather than constructive snd that certain things need to stay the same
what is the cycle of civilization
the belief that civilizations rise and fall I a predictable cycle
what is the slippery slope argument that conservatives make
the over-exaggeration that one small change will ruin social order
ex.gay marriage
who were the luddites
members of an anti-industrial movement who destroyed machines that were replacing them
what is manufacturing of need
the consumer demand for items that were once produced at home and are considered essential
Particultarist protectionist (opposition to globalization
focus on opposing economic, political, and cultural problems caused by an increase of globalization
universalist protectionists
promote the interests of the poor and marginalized groups worldwide
what is postmodernism
challenges the belief that researchers can speak for people they study without letting the people they studied have a voice
what is digital divide
when technological advances separates social classes in terms to access of technology
what is virtual class according to Arthur kroker
a class of people who are dependant for their jobs and economic well being on technology (people who are dependant on technology)
what are three characteristics of people from the virtual class
they are responsible for the loss of jobs from people outside the class, they limit access to information on the internet, and they restrict the freedom or creativity
what is nihilism
the idea that traditional moral principles and values are unimportant
what is evolution
adapting well to particular circumstances
