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SOC 100 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Socialization

A

Socialization involves being taught and figuring out how to be a social person in society

It is the meeting point for sociology and psychology

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2
Q

Primary Socialization

A

The earliest socialization we go through in childhood

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3
Q

Secondary Socialization

A

socialization that occurs later in life

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4
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

groups that have an influence on a persons socialization

Eg. Family, friends, school, etc.

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5
Q

Determinism

A

The belief that personal characteristics are shaped by forces beyond the control of the individual

ex.influenced by the environment you grew up in, the type of people your parents have

These are all out of your control

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6
Q

Hard Determinism

A

claims that we are programmed to think and act either by our biology, or by the society we live in

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7
Q

Soft Determinism

A

claims that biology and society play a part in how we are programmed, but believe hat people also have free will

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8
Q

Agency

A

Agency involves personal choice above and beyond the call of nature/nurture

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9
Q

Biological Determinism

A

states that the greater part of what we are is determined by our 26,000 genes

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10
Q

What are the male and female chromosomes

A

male: XY
female: XX

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11
Q

What gene was considered the “Criminal” gene

A

the XYY gene

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12
Q

What was Sigmund Freud’s Theory

A

He believed that the human mind has three parts: the Id, the superego, and the geo

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13
Q

What is the Id

A

it is the driving force of personality (eg.I am hungry)

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14
Q

What is the Ego

A

the conscious aspect of the individual personality (eg.want to eat that burger on the counter)

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15
Q

What is the Superego

A

the moral sense of the brain(eg.I actually can’t eat that burger because it is not mine)

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16
Q

What did Erik Erikson recognize

A

He recognized the influence that society has on ego development ell into old age

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17
Q

What is the meaning of psychosexual stages

A

as the ego matures, it learns and develops strategies to satisfy the Id’s demands in socially acceptable ways

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18
Q

What is identify and identity confusion

A

it is a phase in life where you choose a career, select a mate, adopt a worldview, etc. (from age 12-20)

19
Q

What is Behaviourism

A

Emphasizes that behaviour can be studied/explained scientifically and not in terms of mental states…..but how peoples actions are supposedly conditioned by earlier actions and reactions

20
Q

What principle did Edward thorndike create

A

The Law of Effect

21
Q

What is the Law of Effect?

A

Two Parts:
If you do something and it is rewarded, the likelihood of you doing it again increases

If you Dom something and it is punished or ignored, the likely hood of you doing it again decreases

22
Q

What is Behaviour Modification

A

Shaping someones behaviours through rewards and punishment (the law of effect)

23
Q

Who was John B. Watson

A

He was the founder of Behaviourist Psychology

He believed that any behaviour can be taught and learned

24
Q

What did Dennis H. Wrong argue

A

He argued that behaviourists work with an overspecialized representation of human beings

25
Q

What is the meaning of Oversocialized

A

a misleading conception that humans are passive recipients of socialization

we have the agency to resist messages that our socializing agents give us

26
Q

What are Significant others

A

who young children imitate and model themselves after (parents, older siblings, etc.)

27
Q

Generalized Other

A

Attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of a society a Child is socialized into. Usually a group

Children adjust their own behaviour to conform to the social expectations of these groups

28
Q

Who coined the term “significant other” and “generalized other”

A

George Herbert Mead

29
Q

What did George Herbert Mead argue

A

He argued that the socialization of a child as a developmental sequence has three stages

  1. Preparatory stage
  2. Play stage
  3. Game stage
30
Q

What is the Preparatory stage

A

The first stage of of the developmental sequence which involves pure imitation

31
Q

What is the Play Stage

A

The second stage of developmental sequence where the child engages in role-taking and assumes the perspective of significant others

eg.parents, grandparents, siblings

32
Q

What is the game stage

A

The third stage of developmental sequence where the child is able to consider several roles and viewpoints

eg. playing soccer for instance, the child will understand that the goalie has a different role from other players on the team, and that the opposing team will have different objectives

33
Q

Who was Charles Cooley

A

he introduced the idea of the “looking-glass self”

34
Q

What does the looking-glass self mean

A

A self image based on how people think they look like to others

35
Q

Why is family significant

A

Family is the first and most powerful agent of socialization

36
Q

What is a peer group

A

A social agent that share characteristics such as age interests and social position

37
Q

What is National Character

A

the personality type of entire nations

38
Q

The swaddling Hypothesis

A

a hypothesis that stated the “moodiness” of Russian citizens was due to their having been to tightly swatted or wrapped up as infants

39
Q

What is Peer pressure

A

social force exerted on individuals by their peers

40
Q

What are some risk behaviours

A

driving crazy, engaging in unsafe sex, drinking, doing drugs, shoplifting, etc.

41
Q

What does Mass media have an effect. on

A

There have been debates on whether mass media has an effect on our behaviour. regarding the violence children see on television, movies, video games, etc.

42
Q

What 2 theories did Rowell Huesmann propose to explain increased violence

A

Obervational learning theory and Desensitization theory

43
Q

What is the Observational learning theory

A

the theory States that children acquire “aggressive scripts” for solving social problems through watching violence on television

44
Q

What is the Desensitization theory

A

the theory states that increased exposure to television violence numbs the natural negative reaction to violence

SOC 100 (15 decks)

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