Chapter 53 Flashcards
Population ecology
Study of population in regards to people or a species in a defined area in relation to their environment
Abiotic
Physical rather biological, not derived from living organisms
Biotic
Relating to or resulting from living things, especially in their ecological relations
Population ecology study
Their population
What they consume
How they develop
How they communicate
Density independent
Birth rate or death rate that does not change with population density
Density Dependent
Death rate that rises as population density rises
Ex. Food avaliability
Habitat
The natural home or environment of an animal, plant or other organism
Population
Group of individuals of a single species living n the same general area
Density
number of individuals per unit area of volume
Dispersion
The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of a population
Mark-Recapture method
A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal population
estimated population size equation
x/n = s/N or solving for population size N = sn/x
x = marked animals in second sampling
n = total number of animals in second sampling
s = number of individuals marked and released in first sampling
N = estimated population size
Exponential population growth
Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shape curve when a population size is plotted over time
Intrinsic rate of increase
In population models, the per capita rate at which an exponentially growing population increases in size at each instant in time
Immigration
Influx of new individuals from other areas into a different area
Emigration
The movement of individuals out of a population and into other locations
Patterns of dispersion
Clumped
Uniform
Random
Territoriality
Defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals
Cohort
Group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all of the individuals are dead
What aspects of a cohort is studied
Studied to see common traits and how they develop in relation to each other.
Demography
Study of vital stats of population and how they change over time.
Life table
Age specific summaries of the survival patter of a population
Intrinsic rate of increase
Per capita rate at which the exponentially growing population increases in size at each instant time
Variables that affect an organisms schedule of reproduction and survival
of offspring per reproductive episode
Age at first reproduction age/maturity
How often organisms reproduces
# of offspring per reproductive cycle
Demographic transition
movement from high brith/death rates to low birth/death rate
Ex. Chine during great famine
Infant mortality
infant deaths per 1000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
Predicted average length of a life at birth, vary widely among different human populations
First estimate at human population max
13.4 billion people in 1679 by Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Ecological footprint
Summary of aggregate land/water are required by each poerson, city or nation to produce all the resources it consumers and to absorb all the waste it generates
Carrying capacity
Difficult to estimate yet factors include food/water/space
Semelparity
Single reproductive episode before death
Ex. salmon, octopus
Iteroparity
Organisms that produce relatively few but large offspring each time they produce
Ex. Humans
K-selection
Selection for traits that are sensitive to population density are favored at high densities
Logistic growth
R-selection
Selection for traits that maximize reproductive success toward uncrowded environments
Exponential growth
