Chapter 53

Question 1

Population ecology

Answer 1

Study of population in regards to people or a species in a defined area in relation to their environment

Question 2

Abiotic

Answer 2

Physical rather biological, not derived from living organisms

Question 3

Biotic

Answer 3

Relating to or resulting from living things, especially in their ecological relations

Question 4

Population ecology study

Answer 4

Their population
What they consume
How they develop
How they communicate

Question 5

Density independent

Answer 5

Birth rate or death rate that does not change with population density

Question 6

Density Dependent

Answer 6

Death rate that rises as population density rises
Ex. Food avaliability

Question 7

Habitat

Answer 7

The natural home or environment of an animal, plant or other organism

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

Group of individuals of a single species living n the same general area

Question 9

Density

Answer 9

number of individuals per unit area of volume

Question 10

Dispersion

Answer 10

The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of a population

Question 11

Mark-Recapture method

Answer 11

A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal population

Question 12

estimated population size equation

Answer 12

x/n = s/N or solving for population size N = sn/x
x = marked animals in second sampling
n = total number of animals in second sampling
s = number of individuals marked and released in first sampling
N = estimated population size

Question 13

Exponential population growth

Answer 13

Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shape curve when a population size is plotted over time

Question 14

Intrinsic rate of increase

Answer 14

In population models, the per capita rate at which an exponentially growing population increases in size at each instant in time

Question 15

Immigration

Answer 15

Influx of new individuals from other areas into a different area

Question 16

Emigration

Answer 16

The movement of individuals out of a population and into other locations

Question 17

Patterns of dispersion

Answer 17

Clumped
Uniform
Random

Question 18

Territoriality

Answer 18

Defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals

Question 19

Cohort

Answer 19

Group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all of the individuals are dead

Question 20

What aspects of a cohort is studied

Answer 20

Studied to see common traits and how they develop in relation to each other.

Question 21

Demography

Answer 21

Study of vital stats of population and how they change over time.

Question 22

Life table

Answer 22

Age specific summaries of the survival patter of a population

Question 23

Intrinsic rate of increase

Answer 23

Per capita rate at which the exponentially growing population increases in size at each instant time

Question 24

Variables that affect an organisms schedule of reproduction and survival

Answer 24

of offspring per reproductive episode

Age at first reproduction age/maturity
How often organisms reproduces
# of offspring per reproductive cycle

Question 25

Demographic transition

Answer 25

movement from high brith/death rates to low birth/death rate
Ex. Chine during great famine

Question 26

Infant mortality

Answer 26

infant deaths per 1000 live births

Question 27

Life expectancy at birth

Answer 27

Predicted average length of a life at birth, vary widely among different human populations

Question 28

First estimate at human population max

Answer 28

13.4 billion people in 1679 by Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 29

Ecological footprint

Answer 29

Summary of aggregate land/water are required by each poerson, city or nation to produce all the resources it consumers and to absorb all the waste it generates

Question 30

Carrying capacity

Answer 30

Difficult to estimate yet factors include food/water/space

Question 31

Semelparity

Answer 31

Single reproductive episode before death
Ex. salmon, octopus

Question 32

Iteroparity

Answer 32

Organisms that produce relatively few but large offspring each time they produce
Ex. Humans

Question 33

K-selection

Answer 33

Selection for traits that are sensitive to population density are favored at high densities
Logistic growth

Question 34

R-selection

Answer 34

Selection for traits that maximize reproductive success toward uncrowded environments
Exponential growth