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Biology Ap > Chapter 52 > Flashcards

Chapter 52 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology roots

A

oikos - home
logos - study

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2
Q

Examples of naturalist

A

Aristotle and Darwin, they studied living world and systematically recorded their observations

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3
Q

How is modern ecology viewed differently from the past

A

Its more than just observation, now more rigorous, needs biological knowledge

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4
Q

Biosphere

A

Global ecosystem of all the planets of landscapes

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5
Q

Global ecology

A

How exchange of energy and materials influence the distribution of organisms around the biosphere

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6
Q

Landscape ecology

A
  • Factors controlling energy exchange
  • Materials
  • Organisms
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7
Q

Ecosystem Ecology

A

Ecosystem ecology emphasizes energy flow/chemical cycle between organisms and environments

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8
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community of organisms in an area

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9
Q

Population Ecology

A

Pop. - group of species living in the same area
Analyzes factors that affect size + how/why it changes over time

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10
Q

Organismal Ecology

A

Sub disciplines of physiology, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology.
ex. How do hammerhead sharks select a mate?

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11
Q

Tropics

A

-23.5° North/South Latitude

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12
Q

¸Why is it hotter closer to equator?

A
  • Sunlight hits area more directly causes more heat/ light per unit of surface area
  • Higher latitudes - sunlight hits earth at an oblique angle
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13
Q

What are global climate patterns largely determined by

A

Input of Solar Energy
Earth’s movment in space

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14
Q

Other influential Climate factors

A

Seasonal Variation in Climate
Bodies of water
Mountain Ranges

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15
Q

Where are seasonal cycles more obvious?

A

Higher latitude

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16
Q

What alters ocean currents?

A

Seasonal changes in wind patterns

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17
Q

Result of changing ocean currents?

A

Upwelling of cold water from deep ocean layers, which are nutrient rich.

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18
Q

Biome

A

Any of the world’s major ecosystem types, determined by vegetation type or physical environment in aquatic biomes. Ex. Desert

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19
Q

Climograph

A

Plot of the temperature and precipitation in a particular region

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20
Q

What has a strong influence ion the distribution of planmt species

A

Climate, a major factor in determining location of terrestrial biomes

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21
Q

Temperate broad leaf forest

A

a biome located throughout midlatitude region where there is sufficient moisture to support the growth of large, broadleaf deciduous trees.

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22
Q

Where are temperate grasslands mostly found, other condition

A

Middle latitudes moderate climate, found with various grass species, microorganisms, fungi and animals

23
Q

Ecotone

A

Transition from one type of habitat or ecosystem to another, such as the transition from a forest to a grassland.

24
Q

Canopy

A

The uppermost layer of vegetation in a terrestrial biome

25
Q

Do all biomes have layers?

A

Yes, yet they may not present as clear as some

26
Q

Northern coniferous forest

A

a terrestrial biome characterized by long, cold winters and dominated by cone-bearing trees

27
Q

Disturbance

A

storm fire or human activity that changes a community, removing orgnaisms from it and altering resource availability.

28
Q

Savanna

A

tropical grassland biome with scattered individual trees and large herbivores and maintained by occasional fires and drought

29
Q

Chaparral

A

Scrubland biome of dense spiny evergreen shrubs found at mid latitudes along coasts where cold ocean currents circulate offshore;
-mild, rainy winters
-long, hot dry summers

30
Q

photic zone

A

narrow top layer of ocean or lake, where light penetrates sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur

31
Q

aphotic zone

A

part of ocean of lake beneath the photic zone, where light does not penetrate sufficiently for photosynthesis occur

32
Q

Pelagic zone

A

open water component of aquatic biomes

33
Q

abyssal zone

A

Part of the ocean’s benthic zone between 2k,6km deep

34
Q

Benthic zone

A

bottom surface of an aquatic environment

35
Q

Benthos

A

Communities of organisms living in the benthic zone of an aquatic biome

36
Q

Detritus

A

Dead organic matter

37
Q

thermocline

A

narrow stratum of abrupt temperature change in the ocean and in many temperate zone lakes

38
Q

turnover

A

mixing of water as result of changing water temperature profiles in a lake

39
Q

oligotrophic lakes

A

nutrient poor and oxygen rich lakes

40
Q

Eutrophic lakes

A

oxygen rich and nutrient poor

41
Q

littoral zone

A

where rooted and floating aquatic plants live, well lit, close to shore

42
Q

limnetic zone

A

phytoplankton, to deep to support rooted plants

43
Q

intertidal zone

A

periodically submerged, as the tides rise and fall

44
Q

Dispersal

A

movement of individuals and gametes away from their parent location, this movement expands its geographic range of a population of species

45
Q

Bodies of water and climate

A

high specific heat of water cases changes on nearby land

46
Q

Natural range expansion

A

dispersal carried out over long distance

47
Q

adaptive radiation

A

rapid evolution of an ancestral species into new speices that fill many ecological neiches

48
Q

species transplants

A

intentional or accidental transplant of species to areas where it was previously absent

49
Q

What marks a successful species transplant

A

If it shows that transplanted species is able to survive and reproduce int eh new environment sustainably.

50
Q

Biotic factors

A

Predatory, herbivory, presence of pollinators/parasite/pathogens

51
Q

Temp range of life

A

0-45C

52
Q

How does oxygen diffuse in water

A

slowly, making surface water much more oxygen rich

53
Q
A

Biology Ap (9 decks)

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