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Biology Ap > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

Has volume and Mass

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1
Q

Volume

A

Measure of space occupied

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2
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter (weight - measure of gravitational pull

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3
Q

Element

A

Pure substance, composed of identical type of atoms

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4
Q

Natural elements

A

92

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5
Q

All elements

A

118

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6
Q

Compound

A

Substance containing more than one type of element/atom

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7
Q

Emergent Properties

A

New properties after bonding to form a compound

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8
Q

Percentage of naturally occurring elements existing in living organisms

A

20-25%

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9
Q

C substitute

A

Si

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10
Q

Order of essential elements by improtance

A

Chonps

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11
Q

Essential elements def

A

Elements that are required in the greatest quanitity

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12
Q

Carbohydrate purpose

A

Quick E

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13
Q

Lipids purpose

A

E storage

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14
Q

Nucleic acid purpose

A

(DNA and RNA) Information storage and transportation

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15
Q

Proteins

A

Structural compounds enzymes

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16
Q

Big 6 make up what percentage of living matter

A

96%

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17
Q

What precent of living matter is made of trace elements

A

4%

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18
Q

Democritus

A

Greek - 450Bc
Renaissance Man

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19
Q

Root work for Atom

A

Atomos - can’t be split without destroying original properties

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20
Q

Subatomic particle

A

Sub, under/within
Particles that make up atom

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21
Q

About how many subatomic particles have been identified

A

about 100

22
Q

3 primary subatomic particles

A

Proton
Electon
Neutron

23
Q

1 amu

A

1.67 x 10^-27 kg

24
Q

Nucleus

A

Center of the atom

25
Q

What electron shell has most E

A

Valence shell

26
Q

Covalent bond

A

sharing e-
strong bond

27
Q

Cation

A

Lost e-
Positive charge

28
Q

Anion

A

gain e-
Negative charge

29
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Electrostatic attraction of positively charged H to negative atom
Not physical bond

30
Q

Var der Waals

A

Static cling
Not physical bond

31
Q

Compound/Molecule

A

Two or more elements chemically bonded together in very specific ration

32
Q

Chemical formula

A

List of ingredients/elements in chemical reaction

33
Q

John Dalton

A

1800’s England
Atomic theory
Dalton = 1 amu

34
Q

Isotopes

A

Heavy atom of a given element, # of neutron si increased

35
Q

Radioactive tracers

A

Tag a compound with radioactive isotope
Abnormal cells hog resources, so it will have higher concentration of tagged material

36
Q

What is released due to nucleus decay

A

Alpha/Beta particles

37
Q

Radiometric Dating

A

Determining age of fossils by use of half life

38
Q

Half life

A

Amount of time need for 1/2 of the radioactive isotope to decay to a stable state

39
Q

Majority of atom is?

A

empty space

40
Q

Potential E

A

E relative to position

41
Q

Why do atoms bond to others?

A

In attempt to fill their valence shell

42
Q

Left of PTE

A

Metals, often Cation

43
Q

Right of PTE

A

Gases, often anion

44
Q

When are Ionic bonds weakest

A

In presence of H2O

45
Q

Electronegativity pattern

A

Right/up period - increase
Left/down period - decreases

46
Q

Molecules shape significance

A

Dictates reactivity with other molecules/enzymes and with “docking sites” on cells membranes
SHAPES ARE VERY SPECIFIC

47
Q

Tetrahedron

A

4 bonds at corners/vertticies of pyramid

48
Q

Endorphin

A

“Pleasure” hormones

49
Q

Opioids

A

societal crisis

50
Q

How do opioids work?

A

Mimic the shape of endorphins
Occupy receptor sites normally used by endorphins, occupy site and linger
“Nod out” - when wake up they crave the rapid joy

51
Q

Essential elements plants vs animals

A

Plants use 17 of 25
Animals use 25

52
Q
A

Biology Ap (9 decks)

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