Chapter 5 - Verbal Communication

Question 1

Instrumental

Answer 1

Use of language to obtain what you need to desire.

Question 2

Regulatory

Answer 2

Use of language to control or regulate the behavior of others.

Question 3

Informative

Answer 3

Use of language to communicate information or report facts.

Question 4

Heuristic

Answer 4

Use of language to communicate information or report facts.

Question 5

Interactional

Answer 5

Use of language to establish and define social relationships.

Question 6

Personal Language

Answer 6

Use of language to express individuality and personality.

Question 7

Imaginative

Answer 7

Use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively.

Question 8

Grammar

Answer 8

The structural rules that govern the generation of meaning in a language.

Question 9

Phonology

Answer 9

The study of the sounds that compose individual languages and how those sounds communicate meaning.

Question 10

Syntax

Answer 10

The rules that govern word order.

Question 11

Semantics

Answer 11

The study of meaning.

Question 12

Denotative Meaning

Answer 12

The dictionary, or literal, meaning of a word.

Question 13

Connotative Meaning

Answer 13

The affective or interpretive meanings attached to a word.

Question 14

Pragmatics

Answer 14

Field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals.

Question 15

Speech Act Theory

Answer 15

Branch of pragmatics that suggests that when people communicate, they do not just say things, they also do things with their words.

Question 16

Dialect

Answer 16

A variation of a language distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

Question 17

Lexical Choice

Answer 17

Vocabulary.

Question 18

What are the seven functions of language?

Answer 18

1. Instrumental
2. Regulatory
3. Informative
4. Heuristic
5. Interactional
6. Personal Language
7. Imaginative

Question 19

How do phonology, syntax, and semantics work together to facilitate effective communication?

Answer 19

Together they create verbal and written language which is how we communicate.

Question 20

How do pragmatic scholars determine pragmatics is specific communication context?

Answer 20

By examining what communication is successful and unsuccessful in those specific situations.

Question 21

What is the difference between cognitive and denotative meaning?

Answer 21

Denotative is the literal meaning whereas cognitive is the interpreted meaning.

Question 22

Cohort Effect

Answer 22

The influence of shared characteristics of a group that was born and reared in the same general period.

Question 23

Ebonics

Answer 23

A version of English that has its roots in West African, Caribbean, and U.S. slave languages.

Question 24

Jargon

Answer 24

The specialized terms that develop in many professions.

Question 25

Nominalists

Answer 25

Those who argue that any idea can be expressed in any language and that the structure and vocabulary of the language do not influence the speaker’s perception of the world.

Question 26

Relativists

Answer 26

Those who argue that language serves not only as a way for us to voice out ideas but “is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individual’s mental activity.”

Question 27

How do regional dialects develop?

Answer 27

Typically they are formed when there is some kind of geographical barrier between two or more groups of people. The more isolated a group, the more distinctive their dialect is.

Question 28

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 28

Idea that the language people speak determines the way they see the world.

Question 29

Cocultural Theory

Answer 29

Explores the role of power in daily interactions.

Question 30

Hate Speech

Answer 30

Use of verbal communication to attack others based upon some social category.

Question 31

Disconfirming Communication

Answer 31

Comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negative self-image of our conversational partners.

Question 32

Confirming Communication

Answer 32

Comments that validate positive self-images of others.