Chapter 5 - Verbal Communication Flashcards
Instrumental
Use of language to obtain what you need to desire.
Regulatory
Use of language to control or regulate the behavior of others.
Informative
Use of language to communicate information or report facts.
Heuristic
Use of language to communicate information or report facts.
Interactional
Use of language to establish and define social relationships.
Personal Language
Use of language to express individuality and personality.
Imaginative
Use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively.
Grammar
The structural rules that govern the generation of meaning in a language.
Phonology
The study of the sounds that compose individual languages and how those sounds communicate meaning.
Syntax
The rules that govern word order.
Semantics
The study of meaning.
Denotative Meaning
The dictionary, or literal, meaning of a word.
Connotative Meaning
The affective or interpretive meanings attached to a word.
Pragmatics
Field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals.
Speech Act Theory
Branch of pragmatics that suggests that when people communicate, they do not just say things, they also do things with their words.
Dialect
A variation of a language distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
Lexical Choice
Vocabulary.
What are the seven functions of language?
- Instrumental
- Regulatory
- Informative
- Heuristic
- Interactional
- Personal Language
- Imaginative
How do phonology, syntax, and semantics work together to facilitate effective communication?
Together they create verbal and written language which is how we communicate.
How do pragmatic scholars determine pragmatics is specific communication context?
By examining what communication is successful and unsuccessful in those specific situations.
What is the difference between cognitive and denotative meaning?
Denotative is the literal meaning whereas cognitive is the interpreted meaning.
Cohort Effect
The influence of shared characteristics of a group that was born and reared in the same general period.
Ebonics
A version of English that has its roots in West African, Caribbean, and U.S. slave languages.
Jargon
The specialized terms that develop in many professions.
Nominalists
Those who argue that any idea can be expressed in any language and that the structure and vocabulary of the language do not influence the speaker’s perception of the world.
Relativists
Those who argue that language serves not only as a way for us to voice out ideas but “is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individual’s mental activity.”
How do regional dialects develop?
Typically they are formed when there is some kind of geographical barrier between two or more groups of people. The more isolated a group, the more distinctive their dialect is.
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Idea that the language people speak determines the way they see the world.
Cocultural Theory
Explores the role of power in daily interactions.
Hate Speech
Use of verbal communication to attack others based upon some social category.
Disconfirming Communication
Comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negative self-image of our conversational partners.
Confirming Communication
Comments that validate positive self-images of others.
