Chapter 5, Thinking Planning and Language Chapter 6; Developing Brain Flashcards
what are the two steps to begin thinking
perception of senses and interpreting those senses from past experience and observations
what is the basis of semantic memory (concept cells)
regions of the brain process different information from “recognition memory” cells fire at specific info froming concept cells which are groups of cells that fire at related information in the temporal lobe
What are two examples of groups of concept cells
Fusiform face area (FFA) which recognizes faces and parahipppocampal place area which recognizes locations
What structures make up the semantic system and what does it respond to
temporal, parietal, PFC which responds to words creating a unique sense of language
What is an FMRI and a result from studying words
study activated regions of the brain. A result was we use the left hemisphere when processing words
What is the “short summary” of thinking
regions of the brain all connect and process and manipulate semantic memory to produce thoughts and recognition
What is aphasias
loss of ability to undwerstand speech
What are the three types of aphasia
Broca, Wernick, and pure word deafnesss
What is broca aphasias
in the frontal lobe that produces speech
what is wernick aphasias
in the temporal love to understand speech
what is pure word deafness aphasias
temporal damage to both hemispehres and you cannot comprehend speech, even though it is heard
What is FOXP2 and what does a mutation cause
switches genes on and off in the brain. Causing difficuluty of moving the mouth and jaw
What is executive function
processing in the PFC, where it supervising everything the brain does
how are neurons formed in early development
specific signals from mesoderm change cells closest to them creating a gradient of different neural or glia cells
what is neural induction
signals from mesoderm trigger ectoderm cells to become nerve tissue
what is proliferation and explanation
neurons come the neural stem and progenitor MANY two daughter cells split, one stays proliferating and the other becomes mature.
what happens with protein defects in the developing brain
sometimes cells can proliferate for too long, having megalencephaly - large head. Others switch early from symmetrical to asymetrical causing microcerphaly - small head.
What is migration in neuron development
neurons travel from the inner surface to more permanant areas
What happens after migration, as the tube thickens * how the brain begins to form
The tube forms into the hind, mid, and fore brain and neurons accumulate with guidance from glia cells to radially establish themselves
What are the categories of the radially organized neurons
older neurons from the inner layer and younger neurons form the outer layer
How can migration become influenced
with drugs, alcohol, and radiation
How does the brain develope externally after it has developed with the three phases (induction, proliferation, migration)
Voices and nutrition causes more development of neurons.
How to neurons grow and reach their destination to the body part
They grow from growth cones at the axons, following signal molecules to a precise location
Explain the process of synapse formation and how the neurons adapt to the formation
Molecules bind the axon and dendrite together, where a synapse is formed. Axons learn to release neurotransmitters and dendrites receive receptors that respond to neurotransmitters
