Chapter 16; Kinds of Research Chapter 17; Solving Human Problems Flashcards
what are the two research methods in brain ANATOMY
injecting synaptic trasers, to map pathways of neurons
MRI measures water in the brain to map it’s tissues
what is white vs gray matter
white matter are axons while gray matter are dendrites and synapses
Explain Electrophysiology, what it measures and how to measure it
measures activity through axons. an eletrode is placed in a nueron to measure to voltage
What is EEG
record activity of neurons on a larger scale, not a single neuron
what is Two-photon microscopy
genetically modified animals produce a protein that glows when a laser shines to understand changes in the brain
what are DNA chips
they study DNA mutation, comparing healthy v.s. non-healthy genetics
what is a tool that scientists use to study behavior and give an example of a behavior
animal models, addiction can be compared between two different rats, study their behaviors and genetics to see who is more susceptible to addiction
what is microdialysis
monitoring neurotransmitters in action with tubes collecting liquid from the outside of a neuron. They analyze the compounds to see what molecules play a role in a specific function like learning
what is pharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs
What is an fMRI scan
detects blood flow carrying nutrients. regions that need more blood are more active
what is MEG scan, an an example
electrical currents are transmitted, studyig the groups of neurons active.
the auditory cortex responses to identify where seizures occure.
what is a NIRS
like an fMRI but detects surface level activity and is less money
How can study methods treats psychiatric disorder?
some methods change brain activity.
what does computational neurosceince hope to bridge
microscopic neuroscience and the whole brain model neuroscience
whats the difference between an ionotrophic and metabotrophic receptor in neurotransmitter transmission
reference photo
What is a possible developmet in prosthetics
Electronic chips that send signals to the neuons located in the robotic prosthetic. Could restore memory and treate diseases?
What is deep brain stimulation, what the process, what it treats, and the down sides
implantation surgery with electrodes inserted into the brain. It can treat disorders like epilepsy, tourrettes, OCD. Though it’s highly invasive, causes infection and stroke.`
What is transcranial stimulation . Give a definition, example, pro and con
electrical currents to alter neural activity. Depression is focused in the left PFC and it is cheaper, yet can’t be clinically proven
Why are brain drugs so hard to make?
drugs have to pass through the blood-brain barrier only small molecules can
What two factors show promising development to stimulate nerve growth
Brain derived neurotrophic factors and neurotrophic factors.
How does neuroimaging lead to discoveries about diseases
healthy v.s. unhealthy brain scans can show markers for diseases
How do cellular markers contributes to disease brain control
spot people who are more susceptible to receiving the disease and before sympotoms arise
what can biomarkers be in the form of
proteins, lipids, hormones, nucleic acids
what is the best option for cell transplants and what do they do , and what is the down side
stem cells, they deveop into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendocytes, in hope of replacing or repairing neuron cells. `though it is hard to control
