Chapter 5: The Psychosocial Person Flashcards
Traumatic stress
Events that involve actual or threatened severe unjustly or death of oneself or significant others.
Coping
Efforts to master demands of stress.
Adaptation
Adjustments in our biological responses, perceptions, lifestyle.
Symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Persistent reliving of the traumatic event.
Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event.
Persistent high state of arousal.
Social identify theory:
Naïveté
During childhood
No social consciousness
Curious about differences
Securely attached
Infants act somewhat distressed when mothers leave but greet them eagerly and warmly upon return.
Psychological stress categories:
Harm
A damaging event that has already occurred.
Daily hassles
Common occurrences that are taxing.
Role strain
Problems experiences in the performances of specific roles.
ie romantic partner, care giver, mother
Anxious-ambivalent attached
District when their mothers leave. Infants continue to be distraught when mothers return and comfort them.
Avoidantly attached
Infants are relatively undisturbed both when mothers leave and return.
Crisis
Major upset in our psychological equilibrium due to some harm, threat, challenge with which we cannot cope.
Developmental crisis
Events in normal flow of life that create dramatic change.
is having a baby
Psychological stress categories:
Challenge
An event we appraise as an opportunity rather than an occasion for alarm.
General adaptation syndrome
1) alarm
2) resistance
3) exhaustion
Existential crisis
Escalating inner conflicts related to issues of purpose in life
(ie freedom)
Disorganized attachment style
Chaotic and conflicted behaviors
Social support
Interpersonal interconnections and relationships that provide us with assistance or feeling of attachment to persons we perceive as caring.
Defense mechanisms
Unconscious, automatic responses that enable us to minimize perceived threat.
Problem focused coping
Change situation by acting on the environment.
Emotion-focused coping
Change either the way the stressful situation is attended to (vigilance or avoidance) or the meaning to oneself of what is happening.
Relational coping
Takes into account actions that maximize the survival of others.
Social network
All people with whom we interact with and exchange resources with.
Neural plasticity
Capacity of the nervous system to be modified by experience.
Main effect model
How we internalize social support:
Support is seen as related to overall sense of well-being.
Stable roles that help us stabilize mood, self worth.
Buffering model
How we internalize social support:
Support is seen as a factor that intervenes between a stressful event and our reaction.
Psychological stress categories:
Threat
Perceived potential for harm that has not yet happened.
Stress
Any event in which environmental of interval demands tax the adaptive resources of an individual.
Afrocentric rational theory
Assumes collective identify for people rather than valuing individualism.
More about human collective identity.
Social identity theory
Stage theory of socialization that articulated the process by which we come to identify with some social groups and develops sense of differences from other social groups.
Situational crisis
Uncommon and extraordinary event that a person has no way of forecasting or controlling.
(ie sexual assault)
Psychoanalytic feminism
Women’s way of acting are rooted deeply in women’s way of thinking. Differences may be biological but there’s are influenced by cultural and psychosocial conditions.
Gender feminists
Values or separateness (men) and connectedness (women) lead to different morality for women.
Ethic care, not ethic justice.
Social identity theory:
Acceptance
Learn distinct ideologies and belief system of their own social groups.
Believe our group is normal, makes sense, is better.
Social identity theory:
Resistance
Become aware of the harmful effect of acting on social differences.
May feel anger at our own group.
Social identity theory:
Redefinition
Creating a new social identity that preserves our pride in our origins while perceiving differences with others as positive representations of diversity.
Broaden our definition of our heritage.
Social identity theory:
Internalization
Final stage of social identity development.
We feel comfortable with our revised identity and are able to incorporate it into all aspects of our life.
Object relations theory
All people naturally seek relationships with other people.
Based on early experiences of separation from and connection with our primary care givers
Psychosocial development stages
1) infancy - trust v mistrust
2) early childhood - autonomy v shame
3) play age - initiative v guilt
4) school age - industry v inferiority
5) adolescence - identity v identity diffusion
6) young adult - intimacy v isolation
7) adulthood - generatively v self absorbed
8) mature age - integrity v disgust
