Chapter 5: The Psychosocial Person

Question 1

Traumatic stress

Answer 1

Events that involve actual or threatened severe unjustly or death of oneself or significant others.

Question 2

Coping

Answer 2

Efforts to master demands of stress.

Question 3

Adaptation

Answer 3

Adjustments in our biological responses, perceptions, lifestyle.

Question 4

Symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 4

Persistent reliving of the traumatic event.

Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event.

Persistent high state of arousal.

Question 5

Social identify theory:

Naïveté

Answer 5

During childhood

No social consciousness

Curious about differences

Question 6

Securely attached

Answer 6

Infants act somewhat distressed when mothers leave but greet them eagerly and warmly upon return.

Question 7

Psychological stress categories:

Harm

Answer 7

A damaging event that has already occurred.

Question 8

Daily hassles

Answer 8

Common occurrences that are taxing.

Question 9

Role strain

Answer 9

Problems experiences in the performances of specific roles.

ie romantic partner, care giver, mother

Question 10

Anxious-ambivalent attached

Answer 10

District when their mothers leave. Infants continue to be distraught when mothers return and comfort them.

Question 11

Avoidantly attached

Answer 11

Infants are relatively undisturbed both when mothers leave and return.

Question 12

Crisis

Answer 12

Major upset in our psychological equilibrium due to some harm, threat, challenge with which we cannot cope.

Question 13

Developmental crisis

Answer 13

Events in normal flow of life that create dramatic change.

is having a baby

Question 14

Psychological stress categories:

Challenge

Answer 14

An event we appraise as an opportunity rather than an occasion for alarm.

Question 15

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 15

1) alarm
2) resistance
3) exhaustion

Question 16

Existential crisis

Answer 16

Escalating inner conflicts related to issues of purpose in life

(ie freedom)

Question 17

Disorganized attachment style

Answer 17

Chaotic and conflicted behaviors

Question 18

Social support

Answer 18

Interpersonal interconnections and relationships that provide us with assistance or feeling of attachment to persons we perceive as caring.

Question 19

Defense mechanisms

Answer 19

Unconscious, automatic responses that enable us to minimize perceived threat.

Question 20

Problem focused coping

Answer 20

Change situation by acting on the environment.

Question 21

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 21

Change either the way the stressful situation is attended to (vigilance or avoidance) or the meaning to oneself of what is happening.

Question 22

Relational coping

Answer 22

Takes into account actions that maximize the survival of others.

Question 23

Social network

Answer 23

All people with whom we interact with and exchange resources with.

Question 24

Neural plasticity

Answer 24

Capacity of the nervous system to be modified by experience.

Question 25

Main effect model

Answer 25

How we internalize social support: Support is seen as related to overall sense of well-being. Stable roles that help us stabilize mood, self worth.

Question 26

Buffering model

Answer 26

How we internalize social support: Support is seen as a factor that intervenes between a stressful event and our reaction.

Question 27

Psychological stress categories: Threat

Answer 27

Perceived potential for harm that has not yet happened.

Question 28

Stress

Answer 28

Any event in which environmental of interval demands tax the adaptive resources of an individual.

Question 29

Afrocentric rational theory

Answer 29

Assumes collective identify for people rather than valuing individualism. More about human collective identity.

Question 30

Social identity theory

Answer 30

Stage theory of socialization that articulated the process by which we come to identify with some social groups and develops sense of differences from other social groups.

Question 31

Situational crisis

Answer 31

Uncommon and extraordinary event that a person has no way of forecasting or controlling. (ie sexual assault)

Question 32

Psychoanalytic feminism

Answer 32

Women’s way of acting are rooted deeply in women’s way of thinking. Differences may be biological but there’s are influenced by cultural and psychosocial conditions.

Question 33

Gender feminists

Answer 33

Values or separateness (men) and connectedness (women) lead to different morality for women. Ethic care, not ethic justice.

Question 34

Social identity theory: Acceptance

Answer 34

Learn distinct ideologies and belief system of their own social groups. Believe our group is normal, makes sense, is better.

Question 35

Social identity theory: Resistance

Answer 35

Become aware of the harmful effect of acting on social differences. May feel anger at our own group.

Question 36

Social identity theory: Redefinition

Answer 36

Creating a new social identity that preserves our pride in our origins while perceiving differences with others as positive representations of diversity. Broaden our definition of our heritage.

Question 37

Social identity theory: Internalization

Answer 37

Final stage of social identity development. We feel comfortable with our revised identity and are able to incorporate it into all aspects of our life.

Question 38

Object relations theory

Answer 38

All people naturally seek relationships with other people. Based on early experiences of separation from and connection with our primary care givers

Question 39

Psychosocial development stages

Answer 39

1) infancy - trust v mistrust 2) early childhood - autonomy v shame 3) play age - initiative v guilt 4) school age - industry v inferiority 5) adolescence - identity v identity diffusion 6) young adult - intimacy v isolation 7) adulthood - generatively v self absorbed 8) mature age - integrity v disgust