Chapter 3: The Biological Person Flashcards
Nervous system: Brain injury (BI)
Traumatic brain injury
An insult to the brain caused by external physical force that may result in finished or altered state of consciousness.
Nervous system: brain injury (BI)
Acquired brain injury
Does not result for traumatic history to the head, is not hereditary, congenital, or degenerative, and occurs after birth. Included in this category are oxygen deprivation, aneurysms, infections to the brain, and stroke.
Nervous system
Provides the structure and process for communicating sensory perceptual and automatically generated information throughout the body.
Nervous system: subsystem
Central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord
Nervous system: subsystem
Peripheral nervous system
Spinal and cranial nerves
Nervous system: subsystem
Automatic nervous system
Nerves controlling cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory systems.
Neuron
Basic working unit of all the nervous systems and has a diversity of neuronal types.
Axon
Cell body with nucleus and conduction fiber.
Synapse
Connection between axon and dendrite.
Is the gap between the two.
Neurotransmitters
The chemical and electrical ways synapses communicate.
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylcholine
Active neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system.
Critical for memory.
Dopamine
Plays a role in influencing emotional behavior, cognition, and motor activity.
Norepinephrine
Appears throughout the body and plays a role in memory and learning.
Connects brain stem to cerebral cortex.
Serotonin
This neurotransmitter is thought to play a role in sensory process, muscular activity, thinking, state of consciousness, mood, depression diagnosis, and anxiety diagnosis.
Lines digestive tract and in tract from the midbrain to all brain regions.
Frontal lobe function
Motor behavior Expressive language Social functioning Concentration and ability to attend Reasoning and thinking Orientation to time, place, and person.
Temporal lobe function
Language
Memory
Emotions
Parietal lobe function
Intellectual processing
Integration of sensory information
-left side: verbal processing
-right side: visual/spatial processing
Occipital lobe function
Vision
Amino acids
Plays a critical role in inhibiting the firing of impulses of functioning of central nervous system.
Helps with locomotor activity, cardiovascular reactions.
Peptides
Play a role in activities such as moderating pain and causing sleepiness.
Opioids are a type of peptides.
Endocrine system
Plays a crucial role in our growth, metabolism, development, learning, and memory.
Made up of glands that secrete hormones into the blood system.
Diabetes mellitus
Most common illness caused my hormonal imbalance.
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
1/250 infected
Leads to AIDS
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Immune system
Made up or organs and cells that work together to defend the body against disease.
Antigens
Foreign substance that can trigger an immune response.
Includes bacteria, fungi, viruses.
Autoimmune disease
When the immune system is mistaking my directed at parts of the body it was designed to protect.
Lymphocytes
White blood cells.
Developed by organs in the immune system.
Non-specific immunity
Cells and phagocytes circulate in the blood and lymph and ingest antigens at the site of the wound.
Specific immunity
Lymphocytes respond to an infection by developing a memory of infection that allows the body to make rapid defense against it.
Anti-bodies
Protein molecules designed to attach to the surface if specific invaders.
High blood pressure
Blood pressure equal to or greater than 140mm Hg.
More likely to effect non-white persons due to environmental factors.
Cardiovascular system
Made up of heat and the blood circulatory system.
Blood pressure
The measure of the pressure of blood against the wall of a blood vessel.
Postpoliomyelitis syndrome
Progressive atrophy of muscles In those who once had polio.
Musculoskeletal system
Protects and supports body and provides motion.
Assistive devices
Products that are designed by the medical community to help a person communicate, see, hear, or maneuver.
Uterus
Home for the unborn child for the nine months between implantation and birth.
How lower income effects health
More likely to be exposed to hazards in physical environment.
Engage in riskier health behaviors and lifestyles.
Have more stressors and have fewer resources to cope with stress.
