Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NASM CPT7 > Chapter 5: The nervous, muscular and skeletal system > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The nervous, muscular and skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Human movement system (HMS)

A

Collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal and nervous systm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kinetic chain

A

Concept that describes the human body as a cain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nervous system

A

Network of specialized cells called neurons that transmit and coordinate signals, providing a communication network within the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neuron

A

Specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleus

A

Cellular structure or organelle that contains the majority of the cell’s genetic material in the from of chromosoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Organelles

A

Cellular structures that perform specific functions within the cell. Eg. nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effector sites

A

A part of the body, such as a muscle or organ, that receives a signal from a neuron to produce a physiological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Electrolytes

A

Minerals that have an electrical charge to help transmit nerve impulses through the body such as sodium, potassium and magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Afferent pathway

A

Sensory pathway that relays information to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Efferent pathway

A

Motor pathway that relays information from the CNS to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons located in the spinal cord and brain that transmit impulses between afferent and efferent neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Specialized structures that respond to mechanical force within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle and are largely responsible fir the voluntary control of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body eg blood circulation, digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to increase neural activity and put the body in a heightened state (fight or flight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to decrease neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state (rest and digest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sensory function

A

Ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Proprioception

A

The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Integrative function

A

The ability of the NS to analyze and interpret the sensory information to allow for proper decision-making, which produces an appropriate response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Motor function

A

The neuromuscular response to the integrated sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Golgi tendon organ (GTO)

A

Specialized sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle; sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Joint receptors
Receptors located in and around the joint capsule that respond to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of the joint
26
Neuroplasticity
Concept that the braun will continually change or grow, reforming neural pathways throughout an individual's entire life span
27
Neurocircuitry
Interconnection of neurons in the brain and spinal cord
28
Motor skills
Specific movements through the coordinated effort of the sensory and motors subsystem
29
Skeletal system
Bones of the body
30
Osteoporosis
Condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bon fracture
31
Joints
The site where two bones meet and movement occurs as a result of muscle contraction
32
Axial skeleton
Division of the skeletal system consisting of the skull, rib cage, and the ventrebal column
33
Appendicular skeleton
Division of the skeletal system consisting of the arms, legs, and pelvis girdle
34
Levers
Rigid rods where muscles attach
35
Remodeling
Process by which bone is constantly renewed by the resorption and formation of bone structure
36
Osteoclasts
Cells that break down and remove old bone tissue
37
Osteoblasts
Cells that form and lay down new bone tissue
38
Wolff's law
Scientific explanation of how remodeling occurs along the lines of stress placed on the bone
39
Depressions
Flattened or indented portions of the bone
40
Processes
Projections protruding from the bone where tendons and ligaments can attach
41
Vertebral column
Bones that house the spinal cord; consists of cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral regions
42
Spinal cord
Bundle of nerves housed within the vertrebrae
43
Intervertebral discs
Fibrous cartilage structures between vertebrae that act as shock absorbers and assist with movement
44
Neutral spine
Represents the position in which the vertebrae and associated structures are under the least amount of load and can most optimally support functional movement
45
Osteokinematics
Movement of a limb that is visible
46
Arthrokinematics
Description of joint surface movement; consistent of three major types: roll, slide or glide and spin
47
Synovial joints
A joint with a liquid-filled joint capsule
48
Nonaxial
A gliding joint that moves in only one plane, either back and forth or side to side
49
Nonsynovial joints
Joints that have no joint capsule, fibrous connective tissue or cartilage in the uniting structure
50
Ligament
Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone
51
Collagen
Protein found in connective tissue, muscle, and skin that provides strength and structure. It is the most abundant protein in the human body
52
Elastin
Protein that provides elasticity to skin, tendons, ligaments and other structures
53
Growth plate
Specialized cartilage disc located in the epiphysis that is responsible for longitudinal bone growth
54
Fascia
Connective tissue that surrounds muscles and bones
55
Epimysium
Inner layer of fascia that directly surrounds an entire muscle, commonly referred to as the deep fascia
56
Fascicles
Largest bundles of fibers within a muscle. Fascicles are surrounded by perimysium
57
Perimysium
Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fascicle
58
Endomysium
Connective tissue that wraps around individual muscle fibers with a fascicle
59
Glycogen
Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissue, such as the liver and muscle cells; storage form of carbohydrates
60
Myoglobin
Protein-based molecule that carries oxygen molecules into the muscle
61
Myifibrils
Contractile components of the muscle cell; the myofilaments (actin and myosin) are contained within a myofibril
62
Myofilaments
Filaments of a myofibril, including actin and myosin
63
Actin
Thin, stringlike myofilament that acts along with myosin to produce muscular contraction
64
Myosin
Thick myofilament that acts along with actin to produce muscular contraction
65
Sarcomere
Structural unit of a myofibril composed of actin and myosin filaments between two Z-lines
66
Z-line
Meeting point of each sarcomere
67
Neural activation
NS signal that tells a muscle to contract
68
Neuromuscular junction
Site where the NS communicates directly with muscle fibers
69
Synapse
Junction between motor neuron and muscle cell
70
Motor unit
Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers that it innervates
71
Action potential
Nerve impulse that is relayed from the CNS, though the PNS and into the muscle across the neuromuscular junction
72
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger that cross the synapse between neuron and muscle and assist with nerve transmission
73
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Neurotransmitter that helps the action potential to cross the synapse into the muscle, which initiates the steps in a muscle contraction
74
Sliding filament theory
Series of steps in muscle contraction involving how myosin and action filaments slide past one another to produce a muscle contraction, shortening the entire length of the sarcomere
75
Excitation-contraction coupling
Physiological process of converting an electrical stimulus to a muscle contraction
76
Power stroke
The myosin heads bin to actin and pull them toward the sarcomere center, which slides the filaments past each other, shortening the muscle
77
Adenosine triphosphate
high-energy molecule that serves as the main form of energy in the human body, known as the energy currency of the body
78
Resting length
Length of a muscle when it is not actively contracting or being stretched
79
Typen I (slow twitch) muscle fibers
Fibers that are small in size, generate lower amounts of force, and are more resistant to fatigue
80
Type II muscle fibers
Fibers that are larger ins size, generate higher amounts of force, and are faster to fatigue
81
All-or-nothing principle
Motor units cannot vary the amount of force they generate; they either contract maximally or not at all
82
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissue

NASM CPT7 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions