Chapter 23: Chronic health conditions and special populations Flashcards
Mortality
A state or a risk of death or dying.
Arteriosclerosis
A general term that refers to the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries.
Atherosclerosis
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.
Proprioception
The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.
Physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q)
A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise.
Valsalva maneuver
A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.
Obesity
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.
Overweight
A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.
Adherence
The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.
Diabetes
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar; the state of elevated glucose in the bloodstream.
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar; the state of deficient glucose in the bloodstream.
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
Stroke
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.
Heart failure
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Kidney failure
A sudden condition in which the kidneys cannot sufficiently filter waste from the blood and leads to renal failure.
Osteopenia
Lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis
A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture.
Arthritis
Chronic inflammation of the joints.
Osteoarthritis
Caused by degeneration of cartilage within joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis
A degenerative joint disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue.
Atrophy
The wasting away or decrease in size of body tissue.
Cancer
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Restrictive lung disease
The condition of a fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs.
Chronic obstructive lung disease
The condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath or labored breathing.
Intermittent claudication
The manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
A group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis; also referred to as peripheral vascular disease.
