Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards
Name for the landmass that contains the continents of Europe and Asia.
Eurasia
Chalk hills that can’t support trees, but they have plenty of grass for grazing
Downs
24 standard zones that roughly follow meridians.
time zones
An imaginary line in the Pacific Ocean where time on the east side is one day behind time on the west side.
International date line
Formed in 1931 to facilitate the conversion of the British Empire into an association of free and equal countries. Today it includes over 50 countries and about 30% of the world’s population.
The Commonwealth of Nations.
A wasteland on a high, treeless plateau. The land cannot be cultivated. Fields of heather are common.
moors
Narrow valleys carved by glaciers.
glen
Deep narrow lake carved by glaciers.
loch
Freshwater lake in Ireland
lough
Long narrow bays carved by glaciers and filled with sea water
fjord
An organization of 27 countries seeking to form a single European community that can compete on the world stage economically and politically. Each country in this organization relinquishes some of its sovereignty when it joins.
European Union (EU)
Strong walls of sone and earth used to hold back fresh or sea water.
dikes
Parcel of land reclaimed from the sea.
polder
Breaking down of barriers between religions.
ecumenism
Leading international voice of the ecumenical movement headquartered in Amsterdam.
World Council of Churches
Organization formed after WWII to counter threat of Soviet aggression into Western Europe.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
A country ruled by a duke.
duchy
A major group in what is broadly defined a Christianity. Finds its roots in the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.
Protestantism
Fine grained soil deposited by wind in Germany.
loess
A warm dry wind which blow across the Swiss Plateau from the Alps.
foehn
Self governing districts within Switzerland which were originally Catholic church districts.
cantons
Largest religion in the world with over 1 billion members. Founded in Rome, a portion of it’s name means “world wide”. It holds that tradition is equal to the scriptures and that salvation is obtained by grace through 7 sacraments and other meritorious works. It’s leader is Christ’s representative on earth.
Roman Catholicism
Religious organization that broke from Rome in 1054. They differ with Rome on the authority of the pope, dates for Easter and the ability of clergy to marry. It also holds that man is born basically good and rejects salvation by grace alone.
Eastern Orthodoxy
Largest division of the United Kingdom
England
The largest city on the Thames River in England
London
Occupies a broad peninsula on the western side of England. Has a wet/mild climate but less than 10% of the land is arable. Has it’s own language.
Wales
Lies to the north of England. It’s inhabitants descended from the Celt and they have preserved their own culture.
Scotland.
On the island of Ireland, first populated by Protestants from Britain in the early 17th century.
Northern Ireland (Ulster)
A radical, terrorist, catholic group desiring reunification of Northern Ireland with Ireland.
Irish Republican Army
Region comprised of five countries, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Iceland.
Scandinavia
The largest city in Scandinavia and the capital of Sweden
Stockholm
Area of Northern Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia that was once filled with nomadic reindeer herders.
Lapland
People group who have been nomadic reindeer herders.
Lapps
National assembly of Iceland, oldest parliamentary assembly still in existence in the world.
Althing
The allied invasion of France occurred in this coastal region near the end of WWII.
Normandy
A canal that completes a link between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.
Canal du Midi
Location of the national government of the Netherlands and the provincial capital of South Holland. Also the location of the International Criminal Court, an organization of the United Nations which prosecutes war criminals.
The Hague
The largest city in Belgium and the headquarters of the EU Parliament and NATO.
Brussels
Dutch speaking, northern district of Belgium filled with polders and sand.
Flanders
French speaking, southern district of Belgium
Wallonia
City at the heart of ancient and modern Germany, the western half of this city was isolated by the Soviet Union during the cold war.
Berlin
A hated symbol of division caused by the cold war. It was destroyed in 1989.
Berlin Wall
Canal which links the North Sea with the Baltic Sea
Kiel Canal
Largest industrial region in Europe. Located at the confluence of the Ruhr and Rhine rivers
Ruhr region
Capital and largest city in Austria. Home to OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) and the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Vienna
Capital city of Spain
Madrid
Important spanish seaport in Catalonia.
Barcelona
Region within Spain with its own language and strong desire for independence.
Catalonia
People group living on the borders of Spain/France who would like to become an independent nation. Their language is Euskara.
Basques
Capital of Portugal, located on a natural harbor, destroyed in the great earthquake of 1780, which was one of the signs that the end of time was approaching.
Lisbon
An organized crime ring based in Sicily.
Mafia
City built on over 100 low islands in a swampy lagoon of the Adriatic Sea. Motorboats or gondolas are used for transportation in this city.
Venice
Ancient and modern capital of Greece
Athens
