Chapter 4 Terms Flashcards
society
Relationships among human beings.
Creation Mandate
God told Adam and Eve to fill the earth with people and to have dominion over society for God’s Glory. Gen 1:28, and Gen 9:1 Be fruitful, and multiply and replenish the earth.
humanism
Belief that human thought and values (rather than religious thoughts or values) should be the central features of culture and that humans can on their own solve all of their problems.
dialect
Speech patterns within a language that can vary widely.
culture subregion
culture regions that display increasingly similar characteristics.
culture region
Is a human society that shares the same basic culture.
culture
Society’s total way of life including traditions and institutions.
language families
Groups of languages that share many common characteristics.
Language families of the world (see map)
Indo-European Sino Tibetan Malayo-Polynesian Afro-Asiatic Niger-Kordofian Dravidian Japanese-Korean Uralic and Altaic Austro-Asiatic Nilo-Saharan Other
Nuclear family.
Man his wife and children.
Extended family.
The nuclear family plus grandparents uncles aunts and cousins.
Nation
A large group of people with a common history and language who have developed a strong sense of identity.
Nation State.
A nation that has established it’s own government or state.
Empire
When one nation conquers other nations beyond its borders
Political maps
Shows the boundaries that a state has drawn around its people.
Political boundaries
They mark the limit of a states authority over the lives of people.
Natural boundaries
Landmarks.
Geometric boundaries
Connects geometric points or follow lines of latitude or longitude.
demography
Study of human populations and their characteristics
vital statistics
Official records of births, marriages, divorces and deaths.
Censuses
Official government counts of the entire population within the nation’s boundaries.
surveys
Counts of small samples of the total population.
crude birthrate
Number of children born per 1000 people.
crude deathrate
Number of people who die per 1000 people.
rate of natural increase
crude birth rate - crude death rate
life expectancy
Number of years a person can expect to live.
infant mortality
of live births - # of infants who die in their first year (per thousand live births).
urban areas
small area which has a large # of buildings and people
rural areas
large area with few people and buildings
urbanization
growth of urban areas at expense of rural areas
suburbs
a residential community outside city limits but not in the rural area farther away.
population density
average # of people on each square mile (or km) of land.
arable land
land that can be used to raise crops
physiological density
total population / arable land area
government
rule of man over man
justice
system of laws and courts to settle disputes between citizens
defense
police foce to protect law-abiding citizens from foreign attack.
anarchy
when no system of government exists and people are doing whatever they want.
Authoritarian government
Hold power by claiming an authority higher than the people they govern.
Types of authoritarian governments
absolute monarchy (Saudi Arabia)
dictatorship (Cuba, Germany under Hitler)
totalitarian (North Korea)
Absolute monarchy
Authority by birth, rules as he/she pleases. (Think about the old kings/queens during the protestant reformation.)
Dictatorship
Person who rules by the authority of the military.
Totalitarian government
Most extreme authoritarian government type. Make decisions about every deal of citizen’s lives for the “good” of the country.
Elected governments
Rely on the the consent of the people to keep their position. (Voting is common)
Democracy
Form of government whereby the people rule themselves.
Direct democracy
Every citizen could vote on every law and issue that comes before the government. (ancient greek - city states)
Indirect (representative) democracy
Citizens elect representatives who vote on laws for them. People have the opportunity to voice their opinion and/or run for office if they wish.
Constitutional monarchy
People limit the power of the monarch by law. He/she functions as a figurehead. The real power belongs to an elected legislature. (Great Britain)
Republic
Republics elect their national leader (president) who supervises the bureaucracy while the elected legislature(s) write the laws. (US)
Types of modern democracies
Constitutional monarchy
Republic
Foreign policy
Principals that guide a government’s relationships with other countries.
Foreign policy alternatives
War
Negotiation
Rogue nation
A country that ignores the most fundamental principles of international relations and willing uses any type of weapon or means it deems necessary to get its way or increase its power. Even if it means using weapons against their own citizens.
Diplomacy
Art of negotiating agreements between nations.
Treaties
Formal agreements between nations.
Peace treaties
Formal agreement between enemies usually at war.
Military Alliances
Agreements between friendly nations to assist one another.
NATO
North American Treaty Organization created to protect the western hemisphere from Soviet threat.
UN
United Nations - a neutral place to negotiate peaceful solutions to disputes.
Geneva Convention
A treaty establishing bass rules for how nations should treat wounded soldiers and prisoners of war. This is monitored by the International Red Cross.
self-determination
All peoples have a right to vote for the type of government they will have.
territorial integrity
Defensible boundaries of a country.
