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Psychology > Chapter 5 - States of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - States of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

Regular occuring cycles of behaviors caused by biological factors

A

Biological Rythms

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3
Q

the biological cycle that guides the daily waking and sleeping in many animals
- triggered by ambient light

A

Circadian Rythm

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4
Q

a sleep stage characterized by the presence of fast eye movements and dreaming

  • accts for 25% of total sleep time
  • awareness of external events dramatically reduced
  • muscles shut down
  • increase in heart rate and facial twitches
A

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

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5
Q

a deep sleep, characterized by very slow brain waves, which is further subdivided into 3 substages N1, N2, and N3

A

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep

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6
Q

Alpha Waves

  • some muscle tone lost
  • thinking about mundane events
  • light sleep, easily woken
  • hypnic jerks
A

Sleep Stage 1

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7
Q

Theta Waves with Sleep Spindles

  • hypnagenic hallucinations
  • k complexes
  • muscle activity further decreased
  • conscious awareness of environment lost
A

Sleep Stage 2

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8
Q

Delta Waves -a.k.a. Slow Wave Sleep

  • beginning of deepest sleep
  • slowest brainwave frequency
  • dreamless
  • when SLEEPWALKING occurs
A

Sleep Stage 3

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9
Q

persistent difficulty falling or staying asleep

A

Insomnia

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10
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing that last at least 10 seconds during sleep
-usually caused by an obstruction of the walls of the throat that occurs when we fall asleep

A

Sleep Apnea

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11
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by extreme daytime sleepiness with frequent episodes of “nodding off”
-people who suffer from this disease lack neurotransmitters that are important in keeping us alert

A

Narcolepsy

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12
Q

a chemical that changes our states of consciousness and particularly our perceptions and moods

A

Psychoactive Drugs

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13
Q
  1. Stimulants
  2. Depressants
  3. Opioids
  4. Hallucinogens
A

4 Primary Classes of Psychoactive Drugs

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14
Q

these drugs block the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapses of the CNS

A

Stimulants

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15
Q
  • enhanced mood
  • increased energy
  • Exs: Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine, Amphetamines
A

Symptoms of Stimulants

& Examples

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16
Q

these drugs change consciousness by increasing the production of the neurotransmitter GABA and decreasing the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, usually at the level of the thalamus and the reticular formation

A

Depressants

17
Q
  • calming effects
  • sleep
  • pain relief
  • slowed heart rate & respiration
  • Exs: Alcohol, Barbiturates & Benzodiazepines, Toxic Inhalants
A

Symptoms of Depressants

& Examples

18
Q

these drugs’ chemical makeup is similar to endorphins, the neurotransmitters that serve as the body’s “natural pain reducers”

A

Opioids

19
Q
  • slowing of many body functions
  • constipation
  • respiratory and cardiac depression
  • the rapid development of tolerance
  • Exs: Opium, Morphine, Heroine
A

Symptoms of Opioids

& Examples

20
Q

these drugs’ chemical compositions are similar to the neurotransmitters serotonin and epinephrine and they act primarily by mimicking them

A

Hallucinogens

21
Q
  • altered consciousness
  • hallucinations
  • Exs: Marijuana, LSD, Mescaline, PCP, Peyote
A

Symptoms of Hallucinogens

& Examples

22
Q

an increase in the dose required to produce the same effect

A

Tolerance

23
Q

a need to use a drug or other substance regularly

A

Dependence

24
Q

a drug is desired and has become part of the everyday life of the user, but has no serious physical effects resulting if the drug is not obtained

A

Psychological Dependence

25
Q

serious physical and mental effects appear when a drug is withdrawn

A

Physical Dependence

26
Q

negative experiences that accompany reducing or stopping drug use, including physical pain and other symptoms

A

Withdrawal

27
Q

when a user powerfully craves a drug and is driven to seek it out, over and over again, no matter the physical, social, financial, and legal costs

A

Addiction

28
Q

a trance-like state of consciousness consisting of hightened susceptibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus

A

Hypnosis

29
Q

intentional reduction of stimuli affecting one or more of the five senses, with the possibility or resulting changes in consciousness

A

Sensory Deprivation

Psychology (13 decks)

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