Chapter 2 - Psychological Science Flashcards
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Research that investigates issues that have implications for everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems
What is Applied Research?
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Research that answers fundamental questions about behavior. Studying something when there is no particular reason to examine such things except to acquire a better knowledge if how the processes occur
What is Basic Research?
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free from the personal bias or emotions of the scientist
Define Objective
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principles that are so general as to apply to all situations in a given domain of inquiry
laws
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an integrated set of principles that explains and predicts many, but not all, observed relationships within a given domain of inquiry
theory
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- General 2. Parsimonious - simplest possible account of outcomes 3. Provides ideas for future research 4. Falsifiable
What are 4 Important Characteristics Theories Should Have?
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a specific and falsifiable prediction about the relationship between or among two or more variables
Research Hypothesis
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costs (potential harm) are compared to the benefits (potential to advance knowledge and offer advantages)
Cost-benefit Analysis
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conducted before a participant beings a research session, is designed to explain the research procedures and inform them of their rights during the investigation
Informed Consent
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a procedure designed to fully explain the purposes and procedures of the research and remove any harmful aftereffects of participation
Debriefing
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the specific method a researcher uses to collect, analyze, and interpret data
Research Design
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designed to create a snapshot of the current thoughts, feelings, or behavior of individuals Uses Case Studies, Surveys, and Naturalistic Observation
Descriptive Research
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research based on the observation of everyday events
Naturalistic Observation
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numbers that summarize descriptive research
Descriptive Statistics
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measures 2 or more relevant variables and assesses a relationship between or among them Scatter Plots
Correlation Research
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a measure of the strength of linear relationship between 2 variables
Pearson Correlation Coefficient
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may cause both the predictor and outcome variables in a correlation design, producing a false relationship
Common-Casual Variables
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involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the measurement of a dependent variable
Experimental Research
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- Construct Validity 2. Statistical Conclusion Validity 3. Internal Validity 4. External Validity
What Are 4 Types of Validity?
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refers to the assurance that the measured variables adequately measure the conceptual variables
Construct Validity
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refers to the assurance that inferences about statistical significance are appropriate
Statistical Conclusion Validity
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refers to the assurance that the independent variable has caused the dependent variable
Internal Validity
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the extent to which the results of a research design can be generalized beyond the specific way the original experiment was conducted
External Validity
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uses the results of existing studies to integrate and draw conclusions about those studies
Meta-Analysis
What is Basic Research?
Research that answers fundamental questions about behavior. Studying something when there is no particular reason to examine such things except to acquire a better knowledge if how the processes occur
What is Applied Research?
Research that investigates issues that have implications for everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems
Define Objective
free from the personal bias or emotions of the scientist
laws
principles that are so general as to apply to all situations in a given domain of inquiry
theory
an integrated set of principles that explains and predicts many, but not all, observed relationships within a given domain of inquiry
What are 4 Important Characteristics Theories Should Have?
- General 2. Parsimonious - simplest possible account of outcomes 3. Provides ideas for future research 4. Falsifiable
Research Hypothesis
a specific and falsifiable prediction about the relationship between or among two or more variables
Cost-benefit Analysis
costs (potential harm) are compared to the benefits (potential to advance knowledge and offer advantages)
Informed Consent
conducted before a participant beings a research session, is designed to explain the research procedures and inform them of their rights during the investigation
Debriefing
a procedure designed to fully explain the purposes and procedures of the research and remove any harmful aftereffects of participation
Research Design
the specific method a researcher uses to collect, analyze, and interpret data
Descriptive Research
designed to create a snapshot of the current thoughts, feelings, or behavior of individuals Uses Case Studies, Surveys, and Naturalistic Observation
Naturalistic Observation
research based on the observation of everyday events
Descriptive Statistics
numbers that summarize descriptive research
Correlation Research
measures 2 or more relevant variables and assesses a relationship between or among them Scatter Plots
Pearson Correlation Coefficient
a measure of the strength of linear relationship between 2 variables
Common-Casual Variables
may cause both the predictor and outcome variables in a correlation design, producing a false relationship
Experimental Research
involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the measurement of a dependent variable
What Are 4 Types of Validity?
- Construct Validity 2. Statistical Conclusion Validity 3. Internal Validity 4. External Validity
Construct Validity
refers to the assurance that the measured variables adequately measure the conceptual variables
Statistical Conclusion Validity
refers to the assurance that inferences about statistical significance are appropriate
Internal Validity
refers to the assurance that the independent variable has caused the dependent variable
External Validity
the extent to which the results of a research design can be generalized beyond the specific way the original experiment was conducted
Meta-Analysis
uses the results of existing studies to integrate and draw conclusions about those studies
