Chapter 3 - Brains, Bodies, & Behavior

Question 1

the collection of neurons that make up the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 2

the collection of neurons that link the CNS to our skin, muscles, and glands

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

specialized cells, found in the nervous system, which transmit information
-contains a dendrite, a soma, and an axon

Answer 3

Neurons

Question 4

an elongated fiber that transfers information from the soma to the terminal buttons

Answer 4

Axon

Question 5

a fatty substance which surrounds the axon and acts as an insulator and allows faster transmission of the electrical signal

Answer 5

Myelin Sheath

Question 6

a treelike extension that recieves information from other neurons and transmits electrical stimulation to the soma

Answer 6

Dendrite

Question 7

relay information chemically from the terminal buttons and accross the synapses to the recieving dendrites using a type of lock and key system

Answer 7

Neurotransmitters

Question 8

drugs that mimic the actions of neurotransmitters

Answer 8

Agonists

Question 9

drugs that block the action of neurotransmitters

Answer 9

Antagonists

Question 10

includes the brain stem, medulla, pons, reticular formation, thalamus, cerebellum, amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus
-regulates basic survival functions, such as breathing, moving, resting, feeding, emotions, and memory

Answer 10

The Old Brain

Question 11

made up of billions of neurons and glial cells, and is divided into the right and left hemispheres and into four lobes

Answer 11

The Cerebral Cortex

Question 12

lobe primarily responsible for thinking, planning, memory, and judgement

Answer 12

Frontal Lobe

Question 13

lobe primarily responsible for bodily sensations and touch

Answer 13

Parietal Lobe

Question 14

lobe primarily responsible for hearing and language

Answer 14

Temporal Lobe

Question 15

lobe primarily responsible for vision

Answer 15

Occipital Lobe

Question 16

a process where the brain changes as a function of experience and potential damage

Answer 16

Plasticity

Question 17

process where the brain can generate new neurons

Answer 17

neurogenesis

Question 18

controls voluntary movement

-where body parts that require the most control and dexterity take up most space

Answer 18

The Motor Cortex

Question 19

receives and processes bodily sensations

-where body parts that are most sensitive occupy the greatest amount of space

Answer 19

The Sensory Cortex

Question 20

hemisphere that is primarily responsible for language and speech

Answer 20

The Left Cerebral Hemisphere

Question 21

hemisphere that specializes in spatial and perceptual skills, visualization, and the recognition of patterns, faces, and melodies

Answer 21

The Right Cerebral Hemisphere

Question 22

this connects the right and left hemispheres

Answer 22

Corpus Callosum

Question 23

allows the brain to adapt and change as a function of experience or damage

Answer 23

Neuroplasticity

Question 24

used in animals to directly measure brain activity

Answer 24

Electrophysiological Recording

Question 25

measures blood flow in the brain during different activities, providing information about the activity of neurons and thus the functions of brain regions

Answer 25

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Question 26

used to temporarily and safely deactivate a small brain region with the goal of testing the casual effects of the deactivation on behavior

Answer 26

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Question 27

the body uses both electrical and chemical systems to create this

Answer 27

homeostasis