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Psychology > Chapter 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro Flashcards

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0
Q

What is Hindsight Bias?

A

Leads us to think that we could have predicted events that we actually could not have predicted People are not always as good at predicting outcomes as they like to think they are

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1
Q

Define Psychology

A

The scientific study of mind and behavior. Comes from Greek words “psyche” (life) and “logos” (explanation)

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2
Q

Define Scientific Method

A

The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research Psychologists use it to collect, analyze, and interpret evidence

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3
Q

What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

A
  1. Question 2. Hypothesis 3. Method 4. Results 5. Conclusion
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4
Q

Define Empirical

A

Data that can be replicated and proven using the scientific method It is all FACTS and FIGURES

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5
Q

What are Levels of Explanation?

A

The perspectives that are used to understand behavior

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6
Q

What are Lower Levels of Explanation?

A

They are tied to biological influences Ex: genes, neurons, neurotransmitters, and hormones

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7
Q

What are Middle Levels of Explanation?

A

Refers to the abilities and characteristics of individual people

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8
Q

What are Higher Levels of Explanation?

A

Relates to social groups, organizations, and cultures

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9
Q

Define Multiply Determined

A

Produced by many factors(many Levels of Explanation) One reason it is hard to predict behavior, and applies to almost all behavior

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10
Q

What is Structuralism?

A

A school of psychology that uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experiences Wilhelm Wundt, Edward B. Tichener

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11
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

A school of psychology that attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess Led to the field of Evolutionary Psychology Bases ideas on the work of Darwin

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12
Q

What is Psychodynamic?

A

A school of psychology that focuses on unconscious drives and the potential to improve lives through psychoanalysis and psychotherapy Sigmund Freud

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13
Q

What is Behavioralism?

A

A school of psychology that explain behavior in terms of stimulus, response, and reinforcement while denying the presence of free will

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14
Q

What is Cognitive Psychology?

A

The school of psychology that studies how people perceive, process, and remember information

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15
Q

What is Social-Cultural Psychology?

A

A school of psychology that focuses on the social situation, including how cultures and social norms influence our behavior

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16
Q

What are 4 basic questions asked by psychologists?

A
  1. Nature vs Nurture? 2. Free Will vs Determinism? 3. Accuracy vs Inaccuracy? 4. Conscious vs Unconscious Processing
17
Q

What is the question in Nature vs Nurture?

A

Are genes or environment most influential in determining the behavior of individuals and in accounting for differences among people Nature - our biological makeup Nurture - the experiences we have

18
Q

What is the question in Free Will vs Determinism?

A

Are we the products of our environment, guided by forces out of our control, or are we able to choose the behaviors we engage in? Concerns the extent to which people have control over their own actions

19
Q

What is the question in Accuracy vs Inaccuracy?

A

To what extent are humans good information processors?

20
Q

What is the question in Conscious vs Unconscious Processing?

A

To what extent are we conscious of our own actions and the causes of them, and to what extent are our behaviors caused by influences that we are not aware of?

21
Q

reverse

The scientific study of mind and behavior. Comes from Greek words “psyche” (life) and “logos” (explanation)

A

Define Psychology

22
Q

reverse

Leads us to think that we could have predicted events that we actually could not have predicted People are not always as good at predicting outcomes as they like to think they are

A

What is Hindsight Bias?

23
Q

reverse

The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research Psychologists use it to collect, analyze, and interpret evidence

A

Define Scientific Method

24
Q

reverse

  1. Question 2. Hypothesis 3. Method 4. Results 5. Conclusion
A

What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

25
Q

reverse

Data that can be replicated and proven using the scientific method It is all FACTS and FIGURES

A

Define Empirical

26
Q

reverse

The perspectives that are used to understand behavior

A

What are Levels of Explanation?

27
Q

reverse

They are tied to biological influences Ex: genes, neurons, neurotransmitters, and hormones

A

What are Lower Levels of Explanation?

28
Q

reverse

Refers to the abilities and characteristics of individual people

A

What are Middle Levels of Explanation?

29
Q

reverse

Relates to social groups, organizations, and cultures

A

What are Higher Levels of Explanation?

30
Q

reverse

Produced by many factors(many Levels of Explanation) One reason it is hard to predict behavior, and applies to almost all behavior

A

Define Multiply Determined

31
Q

reverse

A school of psychology that uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experiences Wilhelm Wundt, Edward B. Tichener

A

What is Structuralism?

32
Q

reverse

A school of psychology that attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess Led to the field of Evolutionary Psychology Bases ideas on the work of Darwin

A

What is Functionalism?

33
Q

reverse

A school of psychology that focuses on unconscious drives and the potential to improve lives through psychoanalysis and psychotherapy Sigmund Freud

A

What is Psychodynamic?

34
Q

reverse

A school of psychology that explain behavior in terms of stimulus, response, and reinforcement while denying the presence of free will

A

What is Behavioralism?

35
Q

reverse

The school of psychology that studies how people perceive, process, and remember information

A

What is Cognitive Psychology?

36
Q

reverse

A school of psychology that focuses on the social situation, including how cultures and social norms influence our behavior

A

What is Social-Cultural Psychology?

37
Q

reverse

  1. Nature vs Nurture? 2. Free Will vs Determinism? 3. Accuracy vs Inaccuracy? 4. Conscious vs Unconscious Processing
A

What are 4 basic questions asked by psychologists?

38
Q

reverse

Are genes or environment most influential in determining the behavior of individuals and in accounting for differences among people Nature - our biological makeup Nurture - the experiences we have

A

What is the question in Nature vs Nurture?

39
Q

reverse

Are we the products of our environment, guided by forces out of our control, or are we able to choose the behaviors we engage in? Concerns the extent to which people have control over their own actions

A

What is the question in Free Will vs Determinism?

40
Q

reverse

To what extent are humans good information processors?

A

What is the question in Accuracy vs Inaccuracy?

41
Q

reverse

To what extent are we conscious of our own actions and the causes of them, and to what extent are our behaviors caused by influences that we are not aware of?

A

What is the question in Conscious vs Unconscious Processing?

Psychology (13 decks)

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