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Psych 100 > Chapter 5 - Sensory and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Sensory and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation definition

A
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2
Q

Perception definition

A
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3
Q

Sensory receptor cells

A

converts stimuli into neural impulses

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4
Q

Sensory transduction

A

Process of converting stimuli into neural impulses

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5
Q

Absolute threshold

A

smallest/lowest amount of stimulus someone can detect

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6
Q

Difference threshold

A

minimal difference needed to notice a change in stimulus

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7
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Responses depend on ability to register noise

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8
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Being able to tune out certain noises or feelings

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9
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

converting stimuli into neural impulse - taking individual data points of visual stimuli to create an image

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10
Q

Top-down processing

A

matching data points to previous knowledge

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11
Q

Perceptual set

A

being able to interpret stimulus in certain ways (duck/rabbit)

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12
Q

Odourants

A

Airborne chemicals we detect as odour

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13
Q

Olfactory receptor neurons

A

Converts chemical signals from odourants into neural impulses to travel to brain

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14
Q

Papillae

A

bumps on tongue that contain clumps of taste buds

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15
Q

Taste buds

A

cluster that converts chemical signals from food to impulse

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16
Q

5 taste receptors on tongue

A

sweet, sour, bitter, salt, umami

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17
Q

Umami

A

Taste of monosodium glutamate

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18
Q

a reason some foods are rejected

A

texture

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19
Q

Senses at birth

A

Smell and taste are well-developed at birth for mothers milk

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20
Q

Ageusia

A

inability to taste

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21
Q

anosmia

A

inability to detect odor

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22
Q

hyposmia

A

reduced ability to smell

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23
Q

reflex epilepsy

A

seizure when exposed to specific odor

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24
Q

migraine headaches

A

odors can trigger migraine

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25
Q

tactile system 5 senses

A

pressure, touch, temperature, vibration, pain

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26
Q

Free nerve ending location

A

surface of skin

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27
Q

free nerve ending function

A

detect touch, pressure, pain, temperature

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28
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles location

A

fingertips, lips, palms (hairless skin area)

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29
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles function

A

convert info about sensitive touch

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30
Q

Merkel’s discs location

A

surface of skin

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31
Q

Merkel’s discs function

A

convert info about light pressure against skin

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32
Q

Ruffini’s end-organs location

A

deep in skin

33
Q

Ruffini’s end-organs function

A

register heavy pressure and movement in joint

34
Q

Pacinian corpuscles location

A

deep in skin

35
Q

Pacinian corpuscles function

A

respond to vibration

36
Q

Perceiving touch

A

touch receptor - spinal cord - thalamus - somatosensory cortex

37
Q

Fast pathway

A

sharp fast pain - travels along myelinated neurons to the brain

38
Q

Slow pathway

A

slow burning pain - communicates with brain regions involved in emotion processing

39
Q

Gate control theory of pain

A

closing a ate that prevents messages of pain - rubbing elbow after hitting it

40
Q

No pain (familial dysautonomia

A

genetic condition where people are unable to detect pain - could be dangerous since you cannot feel bleeding out

41
Q

Phantom limb sensation

A

hallucinations of touch, pressure, vibration, or pain in a part of the body that doesn’t exist anymore

42
Q

Sound waves

A

Vibrations of the air in the frequency of hearing

43
Q

Frequence

A

Determines pitch

44
Q

Amplitude

A

Magnitude/loudness

45
Q

Tonotopic map

A

Map of different frequencies in areas of the auditory cortex

46
Q

Frequency theory

A

Sound is matched to the same nerve impulses (100Hz = 100 impulses/second)

47
Q

place theory

A

different sound frequencies activate different regions of the basilar membrane

47
Q

Absolute pitch

A

perfect pitch - able to recognize and produce any musical note

48
Q

Sound adaptation

A

ears contract and become less sensitive to unimportant information

49
Q

Cocktail party effect

A

brain picks up on relevant sounds in noisy environments

50
Q

General loudness

A

loud sounds seem closer

51
Q

Loudness in each ear

A

The ear which is closer to the sound hears it louder than the other ear

51
Q

Timing

A

sound waves will reach the closer ear first

52
Q

Why do babies prefer mother’s speech

A

They have been hearing it for the entire pregnancy and find comfort and familiarity in it

53
Q

Deafness

A

loss of hearing (partial or complete)

54
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in ear

55
Q

Iris

A

coloured part of the eye

56
Q

Lens

A

brings things into focus

57
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Located in retina, contains rods and cones

57
Q

Rods

A

Detect light - used for night vision so not as accurate

58
Q

Cones

A

Used for central and colour vision - accurate and clear

58
Q

Fovea

A

Centre of retina that contains all the cones

59
Q

Hue

A

Seeing colour based on wavelengths of light (seeing the rainbow)

60
Q

Saturation

A

Purity/vividness of colour

61
Q

Brightness

A

Light reflected off object

62
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

three main sensory for colour - we see colours through combining three colours

63
Q

Opponent process theory

A

colour pairs work together (opposites yellow-blue, black white)

64
Q

What pathway

A

Determines identity of object

65
Q

Visual agnosia

A

Damage to what pathway - cannot recognize objects

66
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

form of visual agnosia - cannot recognize faces

67
Q

Where pathway

A

Locating objects

68
Q

Hemi-neglect

A

Damage to where pathway - can only see one side

Psych 100 (8 decks)

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