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Psych 100 > Chapter 3 - Neuroscience > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Neuroscience Flashcards

Brain parts

1
Q

Neuroscience

A

Study of the brain and nervous system

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2
Q

How can we study the brain

A

Neuroimaging (MRI, CAT scans)

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3
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Consists of brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Consists of nerves that deliver information to CNS

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5
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Carry signals from PNS to CNS

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6
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

Carry signals from CNS to PNS

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7
Q

Interneurons

A

Found between sensory and motor neurons

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8
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

voluntary movements, sends info to cns

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9
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight or flight response

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11
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Brings body back to resting state

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12
Q

Spine

A

Extends down from the base of the brain and mediates sensory and motor information

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13
Q

What part is responsible to reflexes

A

The spine

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14
Q

Why is the spine responsible for reflexes?

A

It takes longer to get to brain because of neurons it has to cross over

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15
Q

What dictates a spinal cord injury?

A

When the nerves that makeup the spinal cord are damaged

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16
Q

Hindbrain Function

A

regulates basic life functions

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17
Q

Medulla - which brain part?

A

Hindbrain

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18
Q

Pons - which brain part?

A

Hindbrain

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19
Q

Cerebellum - which brain part?

A

Hindbrain

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20
Q

Reticular formation - which brain part?

A

Hindbrain

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21
Q

Midbrain Function

A

Helps make movements more smooth

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22
Q

Substantia nigra - which brain part?

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

Thalamus - which brain part?

A

Forebrain

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24
Q

Hypothalamus - which brain part?

A

Forebrain

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25
Pituitary Gland - which brain part?
Forebrain
26
Limbic System - which brain part?
Forebrain
27
Basal Ganglia - which brain part?
Forebrain
28
Cerebral Cortex- which brain part?
Forebrain
29
Medulla function
regulates heartbeat, breathing
30
Pons Function
sleep, dreams, facial expressions
31
Cerebellum
learning with movement (playing piano)
32
Reticular Formation
alertness, arousal, mood
33
Thalamus Function
processes senses before being sent to the brain
34
Hypothalamus function
movement and basic drives
35
Limbic System function
emotion, learning, memory
36
Pituitary gland function
regulates hormones
37
Limbic System (2parts)
Amygdala, hippocampus
38
Amygdala
processes fear
39
Hippocampus
learning and memory
40
Basal ganglia
voluntary movement control, motivation and reward learning
41
Cerebral cortex
*makes humans unique from other animals* - consciousness, language, thought
42
Sensory cortex
registers sensory neurons (touch)
43
Motor cortex
Registers motor neurons (muscles)
44
Association Cortex
higher-order processing - planning, thinking, and integrating information
45
Occipital lobe location
back of brain
46
Occipital lobe function
vision
47
Temporal lobe location
Sides of the brain
48
Temporal lobe function
auditory processing (language)
49
Parietal Lobe
sensory perception (managing taste, hearing etc)
50
Frontal lobe location
Front of the brain
51
Frontal lobe function
higher intellectual thinking
52
Prefrontal lobe function
memory, morality, mood, planning
53
Parallel Processing
Communication between all the lobes to perform complex functions
54
Broca's area - which lobe?
Frontal lobe
55
Broca's area - function
Speech production
56
Wernicke's area - which lobe
Temporal lobe
57
Wernicke's area - functions
language comprehension
58
Neuron
a nerve cell
59
Sensory
Gathers sensory info
60
Motor
communicates with muscles
61
Interneuron
Communicates with sensory and motor
62
Dendrite
Receives information from other neurons
63
Cell body
passes message through axon IF enough stimulation
64
Axon
Carries the neuron's message to terminal buttons
65
Myelin sheath
Speeds up neural impulses along axon
66
Terminal buttons
Release neurotransmitters
67
Glia
Cells that make up nervous system besides neurons
68
Astroglia
helps heal brain damage
69
Oligodendroglia
Provides myelin to speed up neurons
70
Microglia
Cleans up dead cells and prevents infections
71
Resting potential
when neurons are at rest (negative charge on inside and relative to outside)
72
Action potential
the process of a neuron firing
73
All or none principle
A neuron will be fired only if there is enough potential
74
What is a refractory period
Cooldown time after a neuron has fired
75
Nodes of Ranvier
Placed between myelin sheath to speed up the message
76
What is the synapse
Space between neurons
77
Where are neurotransmitters released
Synapse
78
What triggers the release of neurotransmitters?
Action potential
79
Postsynaptic potentials
electrical events that happen when neurotransmitters bind to receptors
80
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Hyperpolarization of the neuron decreasing likelihood of an action potential
81
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
Depolarization of the neuron to increase likelihood of action potential
82
Neural network
When neuron form circuits and networks that help them expand their communication in different areas of the brain
83
Traumatic brain injury
Concussions, spinal cord injuries
84
Acquired brain injury
infections, exposure to toxins, tumours, diseases, stroke
85
Corprus callosum
Connects the two hemispheres made of neural fibres
86
Split brain patients
Corprus callosum is severed to treat severe epilepsy
87
Neuroplasticity
brain's ability to to make neural connections - make up for lost or injured parts
88
Evolutionary Psychology
studies how evolution shaped the body and brain
89
Evolution
process of development
90
Fitness
successfully growing to maturity and have offspring
91
Evolution by natural selection
animals that pass on certain attributes to help survive
92
Darwin's First Observation
Animals change overtime
93
Darwin's Second Observation
Aspects that seem different on the outside are similarly structured underneath
94
Darwin's Third Observation
Selective breeding can lead to changes in appearance
95
Darwin's Fourth Observation
Not all animals that are born will mature and reproduce
96
Evolution of the brain
Skull sizes are bigger now allowing for a larger frontal cortex

Psych 100 (8 decks)

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