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Psych 100 > Chapter 3 - Neuroscience > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Neuroscience Flashcards

Brain parts

1
Q

Neuroscience

A

Study of the brain and nervous system

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2
Q

How can we study the brain

A

Neuroimaging (MRI, CAT scans)

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3
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Consists of brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Consists of nerves that deliver information to CNS

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5
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Carry signals from PNS to CNS

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6
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

Carry signals from CNS to PNS

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7
Q

Interneurons

A

Found between sensory and motor neurons

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8
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

voluntary movements, sends info to cns

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9
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight or flight response

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11
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Brings body back to resting state

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12
Q

Spine

A

Extends down from the base of the brain and mediates sensory and motor information

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13
Q

What part is responsible to reflexes

A

The spine

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14
Q

Why is the spine responsible for reflexes?

A

It takes longer to get to brain because of neurons it has to cross over

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15
Q

What dictates a spinal cord injury?

A

When the nerves that makeup the spinal cord are damaged

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16
Q

Hindbrain Function

A

regulates basic life functions

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17
Q

Medulla - which brain part?

A

Hindbrain

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18
Q

Pons - which brain part?

A

Hindbrain

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19
Q

Cerebellum - which brain part?

A

Hindbrain

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20
Q

Reticular formation - which brain part?

A

Hindbrain

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21
Q

Midbrain Function

A

Helps make movements more smooth

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22
Q

Substantia nigra - which brain part?

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

Thalamus - which brain part?

A

Forebrain

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24
Q

Hypothalamus - which brain part?

A

Forebrain

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25
Q

Pituitary Gland - which brain part?

A

Forebrain

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26
Q

Limbic System - which brain part?

A

Forebrain

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27
Q

Basal Ganglia - which brain part?

A

Forebrain

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28
Q

Cerebral Cortex- which brain part?

A

Forebrain

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29
Q

Medulla function

A

regulates heartbeat, breathing

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30
Q

Pons Function

A

sleep, dreams, facial expressions

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31
Q

Cerebellum

A

learning with movement (playing piano)

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32
Q

Reticular Formation

A

alertness, arousal, mood

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33
Q

Thalamus Function

A

processes senses before being sent to the brain

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34
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

movement and basic drives

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35
Q

Limbic System function

A

emotion, learning, memory

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36
Q

Pituitary gland function

A

regulates hormones

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37
Q

Limbic System (2parts)

A

Amygdala, hippocampus

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38
Q

Amygdala

A

processes fear

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39
Q

Hippocampus

A

learning and memory

40
Q

Basal ganglia

A

voluntary movement control, motivation and reward learning

41
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

makes humans unique from other animals
- consciousness, language, thought

42
Q

Sensory cortex

A

registers sensory neurons (touch)

43
Q

Motor cortex

A

Registers motor neurons (muscles)

44
Q

Association Cortex

A

higher-order processing - planning, thinking, and integrating information

45
Q

Occipital lobe location

A

back of brain

46
Q

Occipital lobe function

47
Q

Temporal lobe location

A

Sides of the brain

48
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

auditory processing (language)

49
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

sensory perception (managing taste, hearing etc)

50
Q

Frontal lobe location

A

Front of the brain

51
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

higher intellectual thinking

52
Q

Prefrontal lobe function

A

memory, morality, mood, planning

53
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Communication between all the lobes to perform complex functions

54
Q

Broca’s area - which lobe?

A

Frontal lobe

55
Q

Broca’s area - function

A

Speech production

56
Q

Wernicke’s area - which lobe

A

Temporal lobe

57
Q

Wernicke’s area - functions

A

language comprehension

58
Q

Neuron

A

a nerve cell

59
Q

Sensory

A

Gathers sensory info

60
Q

Motor

A

communicates with muscles

61
Q

Interneuron

A

Communicates with sensory and motor

62
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives information from other neurons

63
Q

Cell body

A

passes message through axon IF enough stimulation

64
Q

Axon

A

Carries the neuron’s message to terminal buttons

65
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Speeds up neural impulses along axon

66
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Release neurotransmitters

67
Q

Glia

A

Cells that make up nervous system besides neurons

68
Q

Astroglia

A

helps heal brain damage

69
Q

Oligodendroglia

A

Provides myelin to speed up neurons

70
Q

Microglia

A

Cleans up dead cells and prevents infections

71
Q

Resting potential

A

when neurons are at rest (negative charge on inside and relative to outside)

72
Q

Action potential

A

the process of a neuron firing

73
Q

All or none principle

A

A neuron will be fired only if there is enough potential

74
Q

What is a refractory period

A

Cooldown time after a neuron has fired

75
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Placed between myelin sheath to speed up the message

76
Q

What is the synapse

A

Space between neurons

77
Q

Where are neurotransmitters released

78
Q

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters?

A

Action potential

79
Q

Postsynaptic potentials

A

electrical events that happen when neurotransmitters bind to receptors

80
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

A

Hyperpolarization of the neuron decreasing likelihood of an action potential

81
Q

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials

A

Depolarization of the neuron to increase likelihood of action potential

82
Q

Neural network

A

When neuron form circuits and networks that help them expand their communication in different areas of the brain

83
Q

Traumatic brain injury

A

Concussions, spinal cord injuries

84
Q

Acquired brain injury

A

infections, exposure to toxins, tumours, diseases, stroke

85
Q

Corprus callosum

A

Connects the two hemispheres made of neural fibres

86
Q

Split brain patients

A

Corprus callosum is severed to treat severe epilepsy

87
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

brain’s ability to to make neural connections - make up for lost or injured parts

88
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

studies how evolution shaped the body and brain

89
Q

Evolution

A

process of development

90
Q

Fitness

A

successfully growing to maturity and have offspring

91
Q

Evolution by natural selection

A

animals that pass on certain attributes to help survive

92
Q

Darwin’s First Observation

A

Animals change overtime

93
Q

Darwin’s Second Observation

A

Aspects that seem different on the outside are similarly structured underneath

94
Q

Darwin’s Third Observation

A

Selective breeding can lead to changes in appearance

95
Q

Darwin’s Fourth Observation

A

Not all animals that are born will mature and reproduce

96
Q

Evolution of the brain

A

Skull sizes are bigger now allowing for a larger frontal cortex

Psych 100 (8 decks)

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