Chapter 5: Race & Ethnicity Flashcards
What is Canada’s official bilingual status and what does it reflect?
Canada is officially bilingual in English and French, reflecting historical influence and settlement by the British and French.
What does the 1988 Canadian Multiculturalism Act aim to preserve?
aims to preserve cultural identity, ancestry, and cultural heritage for every Canadian citizen.
What proportion of Canada’s population is made up of visible minorities according to the 2016 census?
visible minorities represent one fifth (21.9%) of Canada’s population.
Who are defined as “Aboriginal peoples” according to the Canadian Constitution?
“Aboriginal peoples” as defined by the Canadian Constitution include First Nations, Métis, and Inuit.
What key aspect of Indigenous peoples’ history often receives inadequate attention in Canada’s dominant narrative?
Indigenous peoples’ long history of inhabiting the land since time immemorial often receives inadequate attention in Canada’s dominant narrative.
What major event prompted nation-wide calls for change in Canada regarding Indigenous rights and history?
The 2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report
What proportion of newcomers to Canada in 2016 were born in Asia?
The majority (61.8%) of newcomers to Canada in 2016 were born in Asia.
According to the 1867 Canada Act, what rights were embedded concerning language?
embedded equal language rights between Anglophones and Francophones.
What proportion of Canada’s population do Indigenous peoples, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit, make up?
make up about 4.3% of Canada’s population.
What are “power relations” in the context of social relations?
“Power relations” are how social rules favor specific people or groups, affecting how things work and resource distribution.
Ex: In a sports team, the coach and team captains often have power relations, as they make decisions about playing time, strategies, and overall team dynamics, influencing the team’s performance and outcomes.
According to Donnelly (1993), what constitutes a fully democratized sports and leisure environment?
It means everyone should have the right to join in activities, like sports, no matter who they are. And they should also have a say in how, when, and why they get to be a part of these activities.
In the context of professional sports, what does “racial democracy” entail?
“Racial democracy” in professional sports means fair representation of different racial groups among players, coaches, and administrators.
How does the Rooney Rule attempt to address racial diversity in the NFL?
The Rooney Rule requires NFL teams to interview at least one minority candidate for head coaching and senior management positions to address the under-representation of minorities in administrative roles.
What does Claude Denis (1997) mean by “whitestream society” and how does it relate to Canadian sports?
“Whitestream society” refers to Canadian society predominantly structured based on white European experiences, influencing the rules and traditions in Canadian sports, privileging those of white European heritage.
What is an example of systemic racism in the history of amateur sport in Canada?
The exclusion of black and Indigenous athletes from amateur competitions and discrimination based on race, such as bans and segregations, is an example of systemic racism in Canadian amateur sport.
How do ethnic and racial identities shape one’s participation in sport?
influence how people see themselves in sports by shaping their values, customs, and goals.
In what ways does multiculturalism intersect with sport in Canada, as demonstrated in the context of hockey?
Multiculturalism in Canada intersects with sport, like hockey, by portraying the idea of a core Canadian culture and sometimes reinforcing stereotypes or ambiguities related to ethnicity through sports broadcasts and responses.
What are alternative sporting opportunities outside the “whitestream” system?
Alternative sporting opportunities outside the “whitestream” system are events and organizations created by racial and ethnic groups, providing their own meaning to sports and fostering traditions based on their cultural understandings.
How did minority athletes counter exclusion from whitestream sports in Canada’s history?
by creating their own leagues and competitions limited to participants from specific racial backgrounds, allowing them to assign their own meaning to sports and traditions in alignment with their cultural understanding.
What benefits do sport and leisure activities offer to newcomers to Canada from diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds?
the opportunity for social integration, acceptance, a sense of belonging, and potential income, creating a space for interaction and exchange of ideas among different ethnic groups.
What is an example of a race-structured sporting event in Canada, and how does it contribute to power in sport for Indigenous athletes?
The North American Indigenous Games (NAIG) is a race-structured sporting event in Canada that allows Indigenous athletes to experience power in sport by being in charge of the event’s structure, practices, meanings, and fostering their own traditions.
How is the term “reverse racism” used in the context of sports in Canada?
“Reverse racism” is a term used to describe situations where typically privileged individuals, such as white people, are excluded from opportunities based on race. An example is non-Indigenous individuals not being able to compete in the NAIG.
Why are ethnic- and race-structured sporting opportunities meaningful in the Canadian sports system?
Essential for inclusive sports in Canada, fixing unfair advantages to embrace diverse cultures in sports.
How does the inclusion of traditional games and dances in events like the NAIG contribute to the overall experience?
by connecting participants to their cultural heritage, providing a broader understanding of their traditions, and fostering a sense of identity and pride.
What role does the Canadian government play in acknowledging and supporting Indigenous sports organizations in Canada?
through federal policies and funding, aiming to address the conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups, including those disadvantaged because of race.
How does sport participation facilitate social integration for immigrant youth in Canada?
by providing opportunities to interact with other youth in their neighborhoods, fostering acceptance, a sense of belonging, and an avenue to share and connect with their communities.
What is marginality theory, and how does it explain differences in sport participation among minority racial and ethnic people?
Marginality theory attributes differences in sport participation to the poverty experienced by many minority racial and ethnic individuals. Discrimination in accessing education, training, and employment creates economic barriers, leading to limited participation in organized sports, particularly among low-income families.
Limitations of marginality theory for economically advantaged ethnic minorities?
Marginality theory doesn’t work well for economically stable ethnic minorities. It doesn’t explain their sports choices. We need different theories to understand them.
Marginality theory is like feeling on the edge, not fully belonging. It explains how some people might not fit into society’s usual categories, which can affect their opportunities and behaviors.
what is ethnicity?
Ethnicity: your culture (what is common: food, language, clothing, traditional dancing)
what is race?
defined as a social construction (biological)
what is race define by?
there is no biological test for race – but race is defined by physical characteristics
what can biological characteristics help us define?
Race
