Chapter 5: Perceiving Groups

Question 1

discrimination

Answer 1

any positive or negative behaviour directed toward a social group and its members

Question 2

prejudice

Answer 2

a positive or negative evaluation of a social group and its members

Question 3

stereotype

Answer 3

a mental representation or impression of a social group that people form by associating particular characteristics and emotions with the group

Question 4

social group

Answer 4

two or more people who share common characteristics that is socially meaningful for themselves or for others

Question 5

social categorisation

Answer 5

the process of identifying individual people as members of a social group because they share certain features that are typical of the group

Question 6

authoritarian personality

Answer 6

based on Freudian ideas, people who are prejudiced because they cannot accept their own hostility, believe uncritically in the legitimacy of authority, and see their own inadequacies in others

Question 7

illusory correlation

Answer 7

a perceived association between two characteristics that are not actually related

Question 8

social norms

Answer 8

generally accepted ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that people in a group agree on and endorse as right and proper

Question 9

implicit measures

Answer 9

alternatives to self-report measures such as priming measures or the IAT, which are based on difficult-to-control aspects of people´s performance, such as their response speed or accuracy

Question 10

contact hypothesis

Answer 10

the theory that certain types of direct contact between members of hostile groups will reduce stereotyping and prejudice

Question 11

subtype

Answer 11

a narrower and more specific social group, such as housewife or feminist, that is included within a broad social group, like women