Chapter 3: Perceiving Individuals Flashcards
mental representation
a body of knowledge that an individual has stored in memory
mere exposure
exposure to a stimulus without any external reward, which creates familiarity with the stimulus and generally makes people feel more positively about it
salience
the ability of a cue to attract attention in its context
automatic
refers to processes that operate spontaneously (without the perceiver´s deliberate intent) and often efficiently and without awareness
association
a link between two or more mental representations
accessibility
the ease and speed with which information comes to mind and is used
priming
the activation of a mental representation to increase its accessibility and thus the likelihood that will be used
subliminal
presentation of stimuli in such a way (usually with a brief duration) that perceivers are not consciously aware of
correspondent inference
the process of characterising someone as having a personality trait that corresponds to his or her observed behaviour
correspondence bias
the tendency to infer an actor´s personal characteristics from observed behaviours, even when the inference is unjustified because other possible causes of the behaviour exists
superficial processing
relying on accessible info to make inferences or judgements while expending little effort in processing
systematic processing
giving thorough, effortful consideration to a wide range of info relevant to a judgement
causal attribution
a judgement about the case of a behaviour
discounting
reducing belief in one potential cause of behaviour because there is another viable cause
primacy effect
a pattern in which early-encountered info has a greater impact than subsequent info: an example of the principle of cognitive conservatism
