Chapter 5 Patterns of Inheritance (Defs.)

Question 1

A specific characteristic or feature exhibited by an organism.

Answer 1

Trait

Question 2

Organisms that exhibit the same traits, generation after generation.

Answer 2

True breeding

Question 3

The fertilization of a female gamete of specific genetic origin with a male gamete of specific genetic origin.

Answer 3

Cross or cross-pollination

Question 4

In breeding, the organisms initially crossed and are typically true breeding.

Answer 4

P generation or parental

Question 5

The offspring of a cross of the P generation.

Answer 5

F1 generation or first filial

Question 6

A cross of two individuals that differ by one trait. Only one trait is monitored in the cross.

Answer 6

Monohybrid cross

Question 7

The offspring of a cross between the F1 generation.

Answer 7

F2 generation or second filial

Question 8

The form of a trait that always appears when an individual has an allele for it.

Answer 8

Dominant

Question 9

The form of a trait that only appears when an individual has two alleles for it.

Answer 9

Recessive

Question 10

Traits are determined by pairs of alleles that segregate during meiosis so that each gamete receives one allele.

Answer 10

Law of segregation

Question 11

The combination of alleles for any given trait, or the organism’s entire genetic make-up.

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

The physical and physiological traits of an organism.

Answer 12

Phenotype

Question 13

An organism that has two identical alleles of a gene.

Answer 13

Homozygous

Question 14

An organism that has two different alleles of a gene.

Answer 14

Heterozygous

Question 15

A grid used to illustrate all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from genetic crosses.

Answer 15

Punnett square

Question 16

A cross between a parent of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive parent.

Answer 16

Test cross

Question 17

A cross of two individuals that differ in two traits due to two different genes.

Answer 17

Dihybrid cross

Question 18

During gamete formation, the two alleles for one gene segregate or assort independently of the alleles for other genes.

Answer 18

Law of independent assortment

Question 19

Traits determined by genes are inherited through the movement of chromosomes during meiosis.

Answer 19

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Question 20

A flowchart that uses symbols to show the inheritance patterns of traits in a family over many generations.

Answer 20

Pedigree

Question 21

The inheritance of traits determined by genes on the autosomal chromosomes.

Answer 21

Autosomal inheritance

Question 22

The inheritance of a dominant phenotype whose gene is on a autosomal chromosome.

Answer 22

Autosomal dominant

Question 23

The inheritance of a recessive phenotype whose gene is on an autosomal chromosome.

Answer 23

Autosomal recessive

Question 24

A health-care professional with specialized training in medical genetics and counselling.

Answer 24

Genetic counsellor

Question 25

A technique aimed at treating genetic disorders by introducing the correct form of the defective gene into a patient’s genome.

Answer 25

Gene therapy