Chapter 12 The Circulatory System (Defs.) Flashcards
The system that transports blood, nutrients, and waste materials around the body.
Circulatory system
The muscular organ that pumps blood via the circulatory system to the lungs and body.
Heart
The bodily fluid in which blood cells are suspended.
Blood
A hollow tube that carries blood to and from body tissues.
Blood vessel
A circulatory system in which vessels open into the animal’s body cavity.
Open circulatory system
The organ system comprised of the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular system
The mixture of blood and fluids that surrounds the cells of invertebrates, such as insects and crustaceans.
Hemolymph
A circulatory system in which the circulating blood is contained within vessels and kept separate from the interstitial fluid.
Closed circulatory system
A unique type of tissue that makes up the walls of the heart; allows the heart to contract and relax rhythmically and involuntarily without becoming fatigued.
Cardiac muscle
The two (left and right) top chambers of the heart that fill with blood returning from the body or the lungs.
Atria (singular atrium)
The two (left and right) bottom chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump it out to the body or the lungs.
Ventricles
In the circulatory system, the thick muscular wall in the heart that separates the atria and the ventricles.
Septum
Two large vessels that open into the right atrium and collect oxygen-poor blood coming from the tissues in the head and body.
Vena cavae (singular vena cava)
A large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary artery
The blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart.
Pulmonary vein
An artery that carries blood directly from the heart to other arteries.
Aorta
A valve in the heart between the ventricle and atrium.
Atrioventricular valves
The atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart; made up of three flaps.
Tricuspid valve
The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart; made up of two flaps; also known as a mitral valve.
Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
A valve between the ventricle and the large arteries; it carries blood away from the heart.
Semilunar valve
A blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
Artery
A blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood toward the heart.
Vein
A tiny blood vessel that carries blood from the arteries to the veins; site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange.
Capillary
The circulatory system found in mammals; blood is pumped through one circuit between the heart and the lungs, and it is pumped a second time through another circuit between the heart and the rest of the body.
Double circulatory system
The path that blood follows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
The path that blood follows from the heart to the body and back to the heart.
Systemic circulation
The movement of blood through the heart tissues.
Cardiac circulation
The fluid portion of blood; consists of water plus dissolved gases, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, and waste products.
Plasma
The solid portion of blood; consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Formed portion
Red blood cells; they are specialized for oxygen transport and make up approximately 44 percent of the total volume of blood.
Erythrocytes
The process in which phagocytes (a form of leukocyte) engulf and destroy pathogens.
Phagocytosis