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Biology Grade 11 > Chapter 11 The Respiratory System (Defs.) > Flashcards

Chapter 11 The Respiratory System (Defs.) Flashcards

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1
Q

The group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes of waste products such as carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory system

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2
Q

All of the processes involved in bringing oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell, and eliminating carbon dioxide as waste.

A

Respiration

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3
Q

The action of drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs.

A

Inspiration

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4
Q

The action of releasing waste air from the lungs.

A

Expiration

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5
Q

The transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs; it is the primary function of the lungs.

A

Gas exchange

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6
Q

The first stage in respiration; involves inspiration, or inhaling, and expiration, or exhaling.

A

Breathing

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7
Q

The second stage of respiration; the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the inspired air inside the lungs and the blood; performs the vital function of gas exchange.

A

External respiration

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8
Q

The third stage of respiration; the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body’s tissue cells.

A

Internal respiration

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9
Q

The fourth and final stage in respiration; the series of energy-releasing chemical reactions that take place within the cells; the sole means of providing energy for all cellular activities.

A

Cellular respiration

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10
Q

The process of drawing, or pumping, an oxygen-containing medium over a respiratory surface.

A

Ventilation

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11
Q

The area of an animal’s body in which gases are exchanged with the environment.

A

Respiratory surface

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12
Q

Small tubes in the insect respiratory system through which oxygen enters from the environment and passes into the tracheae.

A

Spiracles

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13
Q

The tube that carries air from the nasal passages or mouth to the bronchi and then to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.

A

Tracheae

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14
Q

The situation in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

A

Diffusion gradient

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15
Q

A sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

A

Diaphragm

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16
Q

Muscles attached to the rib cage that assist in breathing by helping to expand and contract the thoracic cavity.

A

Intercostal muscles

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17
Q

A graph representing the amount (volume) and speed (rate of flow) of air that is inhaled and exhaled, as measured by a spirometer.

A

Spirograph

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18
Q

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing.

A

Tidal volume

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19
Q

The volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation.

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

20
Q

The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation.

A

Expiratory reserve volume

21
Q

The total maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath.

A

Vital capacity

22
Q

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation.

A

Residual volume

23
Q

The passageway just behind the mouth that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.

A

Pharynx

24
Q

The tube that carries air from the nasal passage or mouth to the bronchi and then to the lungs; also known as the windpipe.

A

Trachea

25
Q

The opening of the trachea through which air enters the larynx.

A

Glottis

26
Q

Very thin bones that project into the nasal-passages and increase the surface area of these chambers.

A

Turbinate bones

27
Q

The structure between the glottis and the trachea that contains the vocal cords.

A

Larynx

28
Q

The passageway that branches from the trachea to the lungs.

A

Bronchus

29
Q

The passageway that branches from each bronchus inside the lung into increasingly smaller, thin-walled tubes.

A

Bronchiole

30
Q

A tiny sac, with a wall that is one cell thick, found at the end of a bronchiole; respiratory gases are exchanged in this sac.

A

Alveolus

31
Q

A thin, flexible, double-layered sac that surrounds each lung; the outer layer of this membrane is attached to the inside of the chest wall, and the inner layer covers the lungs.

A

Pleural membrane

32
Q

An iron-containing protein found in red blood cells, which binds to and transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

A

Hemoglobin

33
Q

An inflammation of the larynx that can cause the voice to become raspy or hoarse.

A

Laryngitis

33
Q

An infection of the tonsils caused by a virus or by bacteria.

A

Tonsilitis

34
Q

A lung disease that causes chronic inflammation of the lungs and overproduction of the mucus in the lungs.

A

Asthma

34
Q

A chronic respiratory disease that affects the ability of the lungs to expel air.

A

Emphysema

34
Q

The spread of cancerous cells from their original site to other parts of the body.

A

Metastasis

34
Q

A disease that causes inflammation in one or both lungs; it is usually caused by a viral infection or a bacterial infection.

A

Pneumonia

34
Q

A genetic disease that causes a thick build-up of mucus in the lungs, resulting in infection, inflammation, and damage to the lung tissues.

A

Cystic fibrosis

35
Q

A respiratory disease that causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi; it is classified as either acute (due to infection) or chronic (due to an irritant).

A

Bronchitis

36
Q

A tumor made up of rapidly multiplying cells.

A

Carcinoma

37
Q

A cancer-causing agent.

A

Carcinogen

37
Q

A technique that uses photons to form images of living tissue up to a depth of 1 m.

A

Two-photon microscopy

37
Q

A technology for viewing, diagnosing, and treating the tissues and organs of the respiratory systems.

A

Bronchoscopy

38
Q

A specialized X ray technique for imaging organs and other tissues in the body; also known as a CAT or CT scan.

A

Computed axial tomography

Biology Grade 11 (8 decks)

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