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Exercise Theory > Chapter 5 - Part 1 - Exercise Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Part 1 - Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What two systems make up the cardio-vascular system?

A

Circulatory system
Respiratory system

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2
Q

What is another word for cardio-respiratory system?

A

Cardio-vascular system

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3
Q

What are some functions of the Cardio-vascular system?

A
  1. Carry oxygen and nutrients to the body
  2. remove carbon dioxide and other wastes from the body
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4
Q

What are some of the functions of the circulatory system?

A
  1. transport essential materials through the body
    -water
    -oxygen
    -nutrients
  2. take away CO2 and waste
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5
Q

Why is aerobic exercise so important?

A

It increases the maximum O2 that the body can process at a given time, which improves cardio-vascular function and endurance.

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6
Q

How many chambers are there in the heart?

A

4
Left and right ventricles
Left and right atriums

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7
Q

Are atriums or ventricles the upper part of the heart?

A

Atriums

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8
Q

Are atriums or ventricles largest?

A

Ventricles

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9
Q

What parts of the heart regulate the flow of blood?

A

valves

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10
Q

The heart is a _________pump

A

two-sided or two part

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11
Q

What is the left side of the heart responsible for?

A

Systemic circulation

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12
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

It is the movement of O2 rich blood to the body (red blood)

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13
Q

What is the right side of the heart responsible for?

A

pulmonary circulation

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14
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

It is the movement of de-O2 blood through to the lungs (blue blood)

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15
Q

What is the nervous system called that manages involuntary functions in the body?

A

Autonomous nervous system

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16
Q

How does the autonomous nervous system cause movement in the heart muscles?

A

Through the use of electrical impulses, which is different that for the muscles in the skeletal system.

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17
Q

De-O2 blood enters the heart through the ________ and the ________

A

Superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava (superior is head and brain and inferior is lower part of the body)

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18
Q

Blue blood enters the right or left atrium?

A

right

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19
Q

Blue blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle and then pumps blood to the _______ and into the lungs.

A

pulmonary arteries

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20
Q

Once blue blood arrives in the lungs, the blood is oxygenated and returns to the heart through the ______________

A

Pulmonary veins

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21
Q

Red blood from the lungs enters the ______atrium of the heart

A

Left

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22
Q

Red blood moves from the left atrium to the left ventricle and then is pumped out of the heart via the _____

A

aeorta

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23
Q

what is the largest artery in the body?

A

The aeorta

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24
Q

Do arteries/the arterial system have valves?

A

No - only the veins have valves

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25
Q

Small branches of arteries are called the ________________ and even smaller ______________/

A

Arterioles and capillaries

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26
Q

What is unique about the walls of arteries?

A

they are thick and elastic, which enables them to expand to accommodate various volumes of blood.

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27
Q

Are the walls of capillaries thick?

A

No - they are thin to allow for the gas exchange of O2 and CO2

28
Q

The movement of gases and nutrients through the walls of arteries and veins is called what?

A

Microcirculation

29
Q

Small branches of veins are called what?

A

venules

30
Q

Why do veins have one way valves?

A

The valves ensure that when the blood is being pushed/pumped back towards the heart, that the blood doesn’t ‘fall back’ due to gravity.

31
Q

What condition occurs when a valve in a vein is defective, creating enlarged and inelastic veins?

A

Varicose veins

32
Q

When we stop aerobic exercise suddenly, what can occur?

A

Venous pooling

33
Q

What happens to blood pressure when venous pooling occurs?

A

Blood pressure drops and the body secretes 100x norepinephrine.

34
Q

What is the hormone that regulates BP called?

A

norepinephrine

35
Q

What can happen when the body has high levels of norepinephrine?

A

Cardiac issues

36
Q

What part of the exercise program prevents venous pooling?

A

The cool down period. It helps the venous blood return to the heart.

37
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

A

To provide O2 and remove CO2 from the body

38
Q

____________ provides O2 into the lungs and into the blood

A

Breathing

39
Q

_______________ removes CO2 from the body

A

Exhaling

40
Q

What is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs called?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

41
Q

When we inhale air, what happens to the diaphragm?

A

It contracts and pushes down on the stomach

42
Q

When we exhale air, what happens to the diaphragm?

A

It relaxes and pushes up towards the head.

43
Q

When we inhale air, the lungs and ribs ______

A

Expand

44
Q

When we exhale air, the lungs and the ribs__________

A

Contract

45
Q

What are the two main branches of our airway called?

A

The bronchi

46
Q

In the lungs, bronchi become smaller ______________ and then __________

A

Bronchiole
Alveoli

47
Q

The ____________ are where the gas exchange process occurs within the lungs

A

Alveoli

48
Q

Blue blood comes into the lungs - the CO2 moves out of the vein and into the ___________

A

Alveoli

49
Q

From the Alveoli, red blood moves into the ____________

A

Arteries

50
Q

Within the gas exchange process, air moves from ________ pressure to _______ pressure

A

High to low

51
Q

What is the pigment in red blood cells called, that latches onto O2 and holds it until it is delivered to the cells?

A

hemoglobin

52
Q

The gas exchange process takes place within the lungs, and also takes place at the muscle fiber level - true or false

A

True

53
Q

How does low levels of iron in the blood affect O2?

A

Low iron affects the blood’s ability to hold O2 - so it lowers the amount of O2 in the blood

54
Q

Low levels of O2 in the blood affect energy in what way?

A

lowers our energy levels

55
Q

What is anemia?

A

Lower than normal levels of hemoglobin in the blood due to iron deficiency.

56
Q

What types of things affect the levels of iron in a woman’s body?

A
  1. diet
  2. menstruation
  3. pregnancy and breastfeeding
  4. vegetarian
  5. elite or high level athletes
57
Q

As we exercise more vigorously, what happens to our respirations?

A

They increase, to bring higher levels of 02 into the body.

58
Q

What is a person’s ventilatory threshold?

A

Point during exercise where ventilation becomes disproportionately high with respect to 02 consumption. It’s the point where we have exercised and are gasping for air and have to stop to catch our breath.

59
Q

What is the lactate threshold?

A

It is the anerobic threshold - where the amount of lactate metabolization starts to build rapidly.

60
Q

What does high lactate do to the muscles?

A

It causes that burning feeling.

61
Q

What is the Valsalva maneuver?

A

It is holding your breath during muscle conditioning

62
Q

What can we do to stop the Valsalva maneuver?

A

Tell exercise participants to exhale with the effort - to ensure that they continue to breath through the activity

63
Q

Does caffeine, nicotine and amphetamines increase or decrease our respirations?

A

Increase

64
Q

Does sedatives, alcohol and sleeping pills increase or decrease our respirations?

A

decrease

65
Q

What condition has damage to the alveoli, causing labored breathing?

A

Emphysema

66
Q

What condition has inflammation of the bronchi?

A

Bronchitis

67
Q

What condition occurs when our airway path is constricted?

A

Asthma

Exercise Theory (9 decks)

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