Anatomy Part 2 - Chapter 3 Continued Flashcards
How many muscles are there in the body?
600
What is a muscle?
Bundles of fibers wrapped in connective tissue
What is the connective tissue wrapping a muscle called?
Perimysium
True or false? Muscles affix to bones?
True - via tendons
How many ways to muscles attach to bones?
2
1. Fleshy attachment
2. fibrous tendons
What is a fleshy attachment?
It is one of the ways in which a muscle attaches to a bone. In this instance, the fiber directly attaches to the bone itself, without a tendon. This happens in areas where the muscle is very close to the bone and/or where there is a wide distribution of force or a large space. ie - glutes
What is a fibrous attachment?
This is where the muscle develops a tendon to connect with the bone. This is smaller in size than a fleshy attachment but is also very strong
ie Achilles tendon
What is actin?
It is one of the two types of fiber protein filaments.
Actin = THIN
What is myosin?
It is one of the two types of fiber protein filaments
Myosin = THICK
What is the Sliding Filament Theory?
It it the theory of muscle fiber protein and how they move bones. The muscle contracts, causing the myosin to shorten the muscle fiber, which then pulls the bone which causes movement.
Myosin and actin are like interlacing fingers
What types of movement can a muscle make?
- contract - the ability to respond to nervous impulses by shortening, creating the pull on the bone
- extension - the ability of the muscle to extend and stretch
- elasticity - the ability to return to original shape after extension or contraction
- excitability - the ability to receive and respond to electrical stimuli
Name 3 types of muscles
- smooth - these muscles have no striations. They are involved in involuntary muscle contraction - found in blood vessel walls and digestive tract
- Cardiac - these muscles are striated and are also involuntary. They transmit electrical impulses associated with beating of the heart
- Skeletal - these muscles are striated and are associated with all VOLUNTARY movement of the body
Are skeletal muscles striated - True or false
yes - true
are cardiac and smooth muscles striated?
Smooth muscles are NOT striated - they are smooth.
Cardia muscles are striated.
Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?
voluntary
What are the two types of muscles that are involuntary?
smooth (digestive) and cardiac (heart)
What are the two types of muscles that are striated?
Cardiac and skeletal
Where is the pectoralis major muscle?
pec muscle in the front of the chest
Where is the bicep brachii muscle?
bicep in your arm - runs around the humerous bone and the ulna
where is your deltoid muscle?
Top of your shoulder:
-anterior - front of shoulder
-middle -
-posterior - back of the shoulder
They originate from your clavicle
Where is your rectus abdominis muscle?
In your abdomen - it is the ‘8 pack’ that creates lines down the center of your abdomen.
where are your transverse abdominals muscles?
In your abdomen - these are the deepest layer of ab muscles that you can’t see. They run inside the pelvis, cover the bottom 6 ribs on the interior side. They run ABOVE the external and internal obliques.
Where are your external and internal oblique muscles?
In your abdomen - they run along the outside of your abdomen - from ribs 5-12. The upper ones are your external and the lower are your internal. Can be seen both anteriorly and prosterially on a picture - very small prosteriorally. They function like your corset
Where is your Iliopsoas muscle?
In your lower abdomen near your pubis
Where are your hip adductors?
On the inside upper part of your leg - near your groin area
Where are your quadricep muscles?
In the front of your upper legs
What is your ulna and where is it located?
It is your elbow bone in your arm
What bones make up your shoulder girdle?
- Clavicle - anterior
- Scapula - posterior
- humorous - upper arm
Where is the trapezius muscle in the body?
Prosterior - at the top of the neck laying over the upper part of the back. On the uppper side it attaches to the skull. Involved in elevating the shoulder. Middle section is from T1-T5 and is responsible for moving the scapula. Lower section from T6-T12 to the top of the lumbar spine.
Where are the Rhomboid muscles located in the body?
Prosterior - below the trapezius muscle and runs midway down the center of the back. Runs from T6-T12 and attaches the scapula to the ribs
Where is the erector spinae muscle located in the body?
Prosterior - T9-T12 and goes all the way up to T2. It moves all the bones of the spine close to each other. They lie underneath your lats
What 4 muscle groups make up the back muscles?
Trapezius - top
Rhomboids - middle
erector spinea - lower near ribs
Latissimus dorsi
What is the latissimus dorsi muscle and where is it found on the body?
Very large muscle that starts Prosteriorally near the back of the pelvis, very low on the middle body. Runs to the bottom of the scapula. Attaches to the back of the arm under the arm pit.
Creates huge arm movements
What large muscle located in prosterially in the back, causes large arm movement
Latissimus dorsi
Where are the gluteus maximus and minimus muscles located in the body?
Gluteus medius (attached to middle abdominal muscle) is upper bum
Gluteus minimus is mid bum - also called the gluteus minor - and it runs underneath the other two glutes
Gluteus maximus is lower bum
Prosterior only
Example of a large, fleshy muscle
What 4 muscles create the rotator cuff muscle group?
- Supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor and major
- subscapularis
Acronym: SITS
Where do the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff group attach to the arm?
At the top of the humerous bone
What is the acronym for the rotator cuff group?
SITS - holds the HEAD of the humorous like a golf ball onto it’s tee.
What are the 3 main muscle groups of the hip?
- Glutes
- Hip flexors
- Pelvic gurdle
What is the pelvic girdle?
Three bones that are fused together (ischium, ilium and pubis)
What function does the pelvic girdle play in the body?
helps to move the legs
protects lower organs
bones involved in sitting
Where are the hamstring muscles located in the body?
posterior - back of the leg
What 3 muscles make up the hamstring group of muscles?
- biceps femoris - “two headed = bi”. Runs along the inside medial of the leg
- semi-tendinosis - has a longer tendon
- semi-membranous
Posterior view - what is the order of the view of the hamstring group?
-Inside and upper is Semimembranosus
-biceps femoris - two in middle that are side by side
-semitendinosus - outside of the leg
What muscle group causes the knee to flex?
hamstrings
What 4 muscles make up your quadriceps?
- rectus femoris
- vastus intermedius
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
Where is the rectus femoris?
it is part of the quadricep muscle group - starts at the pelvis and attaches down at the top of the patella (knee cap). It straightens the knee and flexes the hip
What is the only quadricep muscle that flexes the hip?
Rectus Femoris
What three quadricep muscles extend the knee?
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Do all 4 quadricep muscles attach onto the knee
Yes
What is the acronym to remember the 4 muscles of the quadricep?
RILM
Rectus femoris
Vastus - intermedius
Vastus - lateralis
Vastus - medialis
Where is the Sartorius muscle located in the body?
Anterior - from the hip to the tibia.
What is the longest muscle in the body?
Santorius
Where is the tibialis anterior muscle in the body?
anterior - attached alongside of the tibia bone
Where is the soleus muscle in the body?
lower leg - both posterior and anterior view - runs on either side of the tibia
Where is the gastrocnemius muscle in the body?
Posterior view only - the fleshy, bulky part of your calf muscle - two bands of it
Where is the cranium bone in the body
It is the skull
Where is the clavicle in the body?
It is your collar bone in the anterior view
Where is the humerus bone in the body?
upper arm
Where is the sternum bone in the body?
Upper middle part of your skeleton
Where is your radius bone in your body?
With your thumb pointing outwards, it is the bone on the outside of the lower part of your arm
Where is the ulna bone in your body?
With your thumb pointing outwards, it is the bone on the inside of the lower part of your arm
Where is your femur bone in your body?
upper leg
Where is your patella bone in your body?
Knee cap
Where is your tibia bone in your body?
It is the larger and stronger bone running on the inside and middle of your lower leg
Where is your fibula bone in your body?
It is the smaller bone in your lower leg that runs along the outside of your leg into your ankle
