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Exercise Theory > Anatomy Part 2 - Chapter 3 Continued > Flashcards

Anatomy Part 2 - Chapter 3 Continued Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles are there in the body?

A

600

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2
Q

What is a muscle?

A

Bundles of fibers wrapped in connective tissue

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3
Q

What is the connective tissue wrapping a muscle called?

A

Perimysium

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4
Q

True or false? Muscles affix to bones?

A

True - via tendons

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5
Q

How many ways to muscles attach to bones?

A

2
1. Fleshy attachment
2. fibrous tendons

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6
Q

What is a fleshy attachment?

A

It is one of the ways in which a muscle attaches to a bone. In this instance, the fiber directly attaches to the bone itself, without a tendon. This happens in areas where the muscle is very close to the bone and/or where there is a wide distribution of force or a large space. ie - glutes

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7
Q

What is a fibrous attachment?

A

This is where the muscle develops a tendon to connect with the bone. This is smaller in size than a fleshy attachment but is also very strong
ie Achilles tendon

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8
Q

What is actin?

A

It is one of the two types of fiber protein filaments.
Actin = THIN

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9
Q

What is myosin?

A

It is one of the two types of fiber protein filaments
Myosin = THICK

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10
Q

What is the Sliding Filament Theory?

A

It it the theory of muscle fiber protein and how they move bones. The muscle contracts, causing the myosin to shorten the muscle fiber, which then pulls the bone which causes movement.
Myosin and actin are like interlacing fingers

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11
Q

What types of movement can a muscle make?

A
  1. contract - the ability to respond to nervous impulses by shortening, creating the pull on the bone
  2. extension - the ability of the muscle to extend and stretch
  3. elasticity - the ability to return to original shape after extension or contraction
  4. excitability - the ability to receive and respond to electrical stimuli
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12
Q

Name 3 types of muscles

A
  1. smooth - these muscles have no striations. They are involved in involuntary muscle contraction - found in blood vessel walls and digestive tract
  2. Cardiac - these muscles are striated and are also involuntary. They transmit electrical impulses associated with beating of the heart
  3. Skeletal - these muscles are striated and are associated with all VOLUNTARY movement of the body
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13
Q

Are skeletal muscles striated - True or false

A

yes - true

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14
Q

are cardiac and smooth muscles striated?

A

Smooth muscles are NOT striated - they are smooth.
Cardia muscles are striated.

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15
Q

Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

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16
Q

What are the two types of muscles that are involuntary?

A

smooth (digestive) and cardiac (heart)

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17
Q

What are the two types of muscles that are striated?

A

Cardiac and skeletal

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18
Q

Where is the pectoralis major muscle?

A

pec muscle in the front of the chest

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19
Q

Where is the bicep brachii muscle?

A

bicep in your arm - runs around the humerous bone and the ulna

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20
Q

where is your deltoid muscle?

A

Top of your shoulder:
-anterior - front of shoulder
-middle -
-posterior - back of the shoulder
They originate from your clavicle

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21
Q

Where is your rectus abdominis muscle?

A

In your abdomen - it is the ‘8 pack’ that creates lines down the center of your abdomen.

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22
Q

where are your transverse abdominals muscles?

A

In your abdomen - these are the deepest layer of ab muscles that you can’t see. They run inside the pelvis, cover the bottom 6 ribs on the interior side. They run ABOVE the external and internal obliques.

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23
Q

Where are your external and internal oblique muscles?

A

In your abdomen - they run along the outside of your abdomen - from ribs 5-12. The upper ones are your external and the lower are your internal. Can be seen both anteriorly and prosterially on a picture - very small prosteriorally. They function like your corset

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24
Q

Where is your Iliopsoas muscle?

A

In your lower abdomen near your pubis

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25
Q

Where are your hip adductors?

A

On the inside upper part of your leg - near your groin area

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26
Q

Where are your quadricep muscles?

A

In the front of your upper legs

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27
Q

What is your ulna and where is it located?

A

It is your elbow bone in your arm

28
Q

What bones make up your shoulder girdle?

A
  1. Clavicle - anterior
  2. Scapula - posterior
  3. humorous - upper arm
29
Q

Where is the trapezius muscle in the body?

A

Prosterior - at the top of the neck laying over the upper part of the back. On the uppper side it attaches to the skull. Involved in elevating the shoulder. Middle section is from T1-T5 and is responsible for moving the scapula. Lower section from T6-T12 to the top of the lumbar spine.

30
Q

Where are the Rhomboid muscles located in the body?

A

Prosterior - below the trapezius muscle and runs midway down the center of the back. Runs from T6-T12 and attaches the scapula to the ribs

31
Q

Where is the erector spinae muscle located in the body?

A

Prosterior - T9-T12 and goes all the way up to T2. It moves all the bones of the spine close to each other. They lie underneath your lats

32
Q

What 4 muscle groups make up the back muscles?

A

Trapezius - top
Rhomboids - middle
erector spinea - lower near ribs
Latissimus dorsi

33
Q

What is the latissimus dorsi muscle and where is it found on the body?

A

Very large muscle that starts Prosteriorally near the back of the pelvis, very low on the middle body. Runs to the bottom of the scapula. Attaches to the back of the arm under the arm pit.
Creates huge arm movements

34
Q

What large muscle located in prosterially in the back, causes large arm movement

A

Latissimus dorsi

35
Q

Where are the gluteus maximus and minimus muscles located in the body?

A

Gluteus medius (attached to middle abdominal muscle) is upper bum
Gluteus minimus is mid bum - also called the gluteus minor - and it runs underneath the other two glutes
Gluteus maximus is lower bum
Prosterior only
Example of a large, fleshy muscle

36
Q

What 4 muscles create the rotator cuff muscle group?

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor and major
  4. subscapularis
    Acronym: SITS
37
Q

Where do the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff group attach to the arm?

A

At the top of the humerous bone

38
Q

What is the acronym for the rotator cuff group?

A

SITS - holds the HEAD of the humorous like a golf ball onto it’s tee.

39
Q

What are the 3 main muscle groups of the hip?

A
  1. Glutes
  2. Hip flexors
  3. Pelvic gurdle
40
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

Three bones that are fused together (ischium, ilium and pubis)

41
Q

What function does the pelvic girdle play in the body?

A

helps to move the legs
protects lower organs
bones involved in sitting

42
Q

Where are the hamstring muscles located in the body?

A

posterior - back of the leg

43
Q

What 3 muscles make up the hamstring group of muscles?

A
  1. biceps femoris - “two headed = bi”. Runs along the inside medial of the leg
  2. semi-tendinosis - has a longer tendon
  3. semi-membranous
44
Q

Posterior view - what is the order of the view of the hamstring group?

A

-Inside and upper is Semimembranosus
-biceps femoris - two in middle that are side by side
-semitendinosus - outside of the leg

45
Q

What muscle group causes the knee to flex?

A

hamstrings

46
Q

What 4 muscles make up your quadriceps?

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus intermedius
  3. vastus lateralis
  4. vastus medialis
47
Q

Where is the rectus femoris?

A

it is part of the quadricep muscle group - starts at the pelvis and attaches down at the top of the patella (knee cap). It straightens the knee and flexes the hip

48
Q

What is the only quadricep muscle that flexes the hip?

A

Rectus Femoris

49
Q

What three quadricep muscles extend the knee?

A

Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

50
Q

Do all 4 quadricep muscles attach onto the knee

A

Yes

51
Q

What is the acronym to remember the 4 muscles of the quadricep?

A

RILM
Rectus femoris
Vastus - intermedius
Vastus - lateralis
Vastus - medialis

52
Q

Where is the Sartorius muscle located in the body?

A

Anterior - from the hip to the tibia.

53
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Santorius

54
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle in the body?

A

anterior - attached alongside of the tibia bone

55
Q

Where is the soleus muscle in the body?

A

lower leg - both posterior and anterior view - runs on either side of the tibia

56
Q

Where is the gastrocnemius muscle in the body?

A

Posterior view only - the fleshy, bulky part of your calf muscle - two bands of it

57
Q

Where is the cranium bone in the body

A

It is the skull

58
Q

Where is the clavicle in the body?

A

It is your collar bone in the anterior view

59
Q

Where is the humerus bone in the body?

A

upper arm

60
Q

Where is the sternum bone in the body?

A

Upper middle part of your skeleton

61
Q

Where is your radius bone in your body?

A

With your thumb pointing outwards, it is the bone on the outside of the lower part of your arm

62
Q

Where is the ulna bone in your body?

A

With your thumb pointing outwards, it is the bone on the inside of the lower part of your arm

63
Q

Where is your femur bone in your body?

A

upper leg

64
Q

Where is your patella bone in your body?

A

Knee cap

65
Q

Where is your tibia bone in your body?

A

It is the larger and stronger bone running on the inside and middle of your lower leg

66
Q

Where is your fibula bone in your body?

A

It is the smaller bone in your lower leg that runs along the outside of your leg into your ankle

Exercise Theory (9 decks)

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