Anatomy Part 2 - Chapter 3 Continued

Question 1

How many muscles are there in the body?

Answer 1

600

Question 2

What is a muscle?

Answer 2

Bundles of fibers wrapped in connective tissue

Question 3

What is the connective tissue wrapping a muscle called?

Answer 3

Perimysium

Question 4

True or false? Muscles affix to bones?

Answer 4

True - via tendons

Question 5

How many ways to muscles attach to bones?

Answer 5

2
1. Fleshy attachment
2. fibrous tendons

Question 6

What is a fleshy attachment?

Answer 6

It is one of the ways in which a muscle attaches to a bone. In this instance, the fiber directly attaches to the bone itself, without a tendon. This happens in areas where the muscle is very close to the bone and/or where there is a wide distribution of force or a large space. ie - glutes

Question 7

What is a fibrous attachment?

Answer 7

This is where the muscle develops a tendon to connect with the bone. This is smaller in size than a fleshy attachment but is also very strong
ie Achilles tendon

Question 8

What is actin?

Answer 8

It is one of the two types of fiber protein filaments.
Actin = THIN

Question 9

What is myosin?

Answer 9

It is one of the two types of fiber protein filaments
Myosin = THICK

Question 10

What is the Sliding Filament Theory?

Answer 10

It it the theory of muscle fiber protein and how they move bones. The muscle contracts, causing the myosin to shorten the muscle fiber, which then pulls the bone which causes movement.
Myosin and actin are like interlacing fingers

Question 11

What types of movement can a muscle make?

Answer 11

1. contract - the ability to respond to nervous impulses by shortening, creating the pull on the bone
2. extension - the ability of the muscle to extend and stretch
3. elasticity - the ability to return to original shape after extension or contraction
4. excitability - the ability to receive and respond to electrical stimuli

Question 12

Name 3 types of muscles

Answer 12

1. smooth - these muscles have no striations. They are involved in involuntary muscle contraction - found in blood vessel walls and digestive tract
2. Cardiac - these muscles are striated and are also involuntary. They transmit electrical impulses associated with beating of the heart
3. Skeletal - these muscles are striated and are associated with all VOLUNTARY movement of the body

Question 13

Are skeletal muscles striated - True or false

Answer 13

yes - true

Question 14

are cardiac and smooth muscles striated?

Answer 14

Smooth muscles are NOT striated - they are smooth.
Cardia muscles are striated.

Question 15

Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 15

voluntary

Question 16

What are the two types of muscles that are involuntary?

Answer 16

smooth (digestive) and cardiac (heart)

Question 17

What are the two types of muscles that are striated?

Answer 17

Cardiac and skeletal

Question 18

Where is the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 18

pec muscle in the front of the chest

Question 19

Where is the bicep brachii muscle?

Answer 19

bicep in your arm - runs around the humerous bone and the ulna

Question 20

where is your deltoid muscle?

Answer 20

Top of your shoulder:
-anterior - front of shoulder
-middle -
-posterior - back of the shoulder
They originate from your clavicle

Question 21

Where is your rectus abdominis muscle?

Answer 21

In your abdomen - it is the ‘8 pack’ that creates lines down the center of your abdomen.

Question 22

where are your transverse abdominals muscles?

Answer 22

In your abdomen - these are the deepest layer of ab muscles that you can’t see. They run inside the pelvis, cover the bottom 6 ribs on the interior side. They run ABOVE the external and internal obliques.

Question 23

Where are your external and internal oblique muscles?

Answer 23

In your abdomen - they run along the outside of your abdomen - from ribs 5-12. The upper ones are your external and the lower are your internal. Can be seen both anteriorly and prosterially on a picture - very small prosteriorally. They function like your corset

Question 24

Where is your Iliopsoas muscle?

Answer 24

In your lower abdomen near your pubis

Question 25

Where are your hip adductors?

Answer 25

On the inside upper part of your leg - near your groin area

Question 26

Where are your quadricep muscles?

Answer 26

In the front of your upper legs

Question 27

What is your ulna and where is it located?

Answer 27

It is your elbow bone in your arm

Question 28

What bones make up your shoulder girdle?

Answer 28

1. Clavicle - anterior 2. Scapula - posterior 3. humorous - upper arm

Question 29

Where is the trapezius muscle in the body?

Answer 29

Prosterior - at the top of the neck laying over the upper part of the back. On the uppper side it attaches to the skull. Involved in elevating the shoulder. Middle section is from T1-T5 and is responsible for moving the scapula. Lower section from T6-T12 to the top of the lumbar spine.

Question 30

Where are the Rhomboid muscles located in the body?

Answer 30

Prosterior - below the trapezius muscle and runs midway down the center of the back. Runs from T6-T12 and attaches the scapula to the ribs

Question 31

Where is the erector spinae muscle located in the body?

Answer 31

Prosterior - T9-T12 and goes all the way up to T2. It moves all the bones of the spine close to each other. They lie underneath your lats

Question 32

What 4 muscle groups make up the back muscles?

Answer 32

Trapezius - top Rhomboids - middle erector spinea - lower near ribs Latissimus dorsi

Question 33

What is the latissimus dorsi muscle and where is it found on the body?

Answer 33

Very large muscle that starts Prosteriorally near the back of the pelvis, very low on the middle body. Runs to the bottom of the scapula. Attaches to the back of the arm under the arm pit. Creates huge arm movements

Question 34

What large muscle located in prosterially in the back, causes large arm movement

Answer 34

Latissimus dorsi

Question 35

Where are the gluteus maximus and minimus muscles located in the body?

Answer 35

Gluteus medius (attached to middle abdominal muscle) is upper bum Gluteus minimus is mid bum - also called the gluteus minor - and it runs underneath the other two glutes Gluteus maximus is lower bum Prosterior only Example of a large, fleshy muscle

Question 36

What 4 muscles create the rotator cuff muscle group?

Answer 36

1. Supraspinatus 2. infraspinatus 3. teres minor and major 4. subscapularis Acronym: SITS

Question 37

Where do the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff group attach to the arm?

Answer 37

At the top of the humerous bone

Question 38

What is the acronym for the rotator cuff group?

Answer 38

SITS - holds the HEAD of the humorous like a golf ball onto it's tee.

Question 39

What are the 3 main muscle groups of the hip?

Answer 39

1. Glutes 2. Hip flexors 3. Pelvic gurdle

Question 40

What is the pelvic girdle?

Answer 40

Three bones that are fused together (ischium, ilium and pubis)

Question 41

What function does the pelvic girdle play in the body?

Answer 41

helps to move the legs protects lower organs bones involved in sitting

Question 42

Where are the hamstring muscles located in the body?

Answer 42

posterior - back of the leg

Question 43

What 3 muscles make up the hamstring group of muscles?

Answer 43

1. biceps femoris - "two headed = bi". Runs along the inside medial of the leg 2. semi-tendinosis - has a longer tendon 3. semi-membranous

Question 44

Posterior view - what is the order of the view of the hamstring group?

Answer 44

-Inside and upper is Semimembranosus -biceps femoris - two in middle that are side by side -semitendinosus - outside of the leg

Question 45

What muscle group causes the knee to flex?

Answer 45

hamstrings

Question 46

What 4 muscles make up your quadriceps?

Answer 46

1. rectus femoris 2. vastus intermedius 3. vastus lateralis 4. vastus medialis

Question 47

Where is the rectus femoris?

Answer 47

it is part of the quadricep muscle group - starts at the pelvis and attaches down at the top of the patella (knee cap). It straightens the knee and flexes the hip

Question 48

What is the only quadricep muscle that flexes the hip?

Answer 48

Rectus Femoris

Question 49

What three quadricep muscles extend the knee?

Answer 49

Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis

Question 50

Do all 4 quadricep muscles attach onto the knee

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

What is the acronym to remember the 4 muscles of the quadricep?

Answer 51

RILM Rectus femoris Vastus - intermedius Vastus - lateralis Vastus - medialis

Question 52

Where is the Sartorius muscle located in the body?

Answer 52

Anterior - from the hip to the tibia.

Question 53

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Answer 53

Sartorius

Question 54

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle in the body?

Answer 54

anterior - attached alongside of the tibia bone

Question 55

Where is the soleus muscle in the body?

Answer 55

lower leg - both posterior and anterior view - runs on either side of the tibia

Question 56

Where is the gastrocnemius muscle in the body?

Answer 56

Posterior view only - the fleshy, bulky part of your calf muscle - two bands of it

Question 57

Where is the cranium bone in the body

Answer 57

It is the skull

Question 58

Where is the clavicle in the body?

Answer 58

It is your collar bone in the anterior view

Question 59

Where is the humerus bone in the body?

Answer 59

upper arm

Question 60

Where is the sternum bone in the body?

Answer 60

Upper middle part of your skeleton

Question 61

Where is your radius bone in your body?

Answer 61

With your thumb pointing outwards, it is the bone on the outside of the lower part of your arm

Question 62

Where is the ulna bone in your body?

Answer 62

With your thumb pointing outwards, it is the bone on the inside of the lower part of your arm

Question 63

Where is your femur bone in your body?

Answer 63

upper leg

Question 64

Where is your patella bone in your body?

Answer 64

Knee cap

Question 65

Where is your tibia bone in your body?

Answer 65

It is the larger and stronger bone running on the inside and middle of your lower leg

Question 66

Where is your fibula bone in your body?

Answer 66

It is the smaller bone in your lower leg that runs along the outside of your leg into your ankle