Chapter 5: Nucleic Acids (Translation) Flashcards
- process of protein synthesis
- involves translating genetic information from sequence of nucleotides to amino acids in the primary structure of protein
translation
carries out translation
ribosomes
each ribosome is made up of
- small subunit
- large subunit
in eukaryotic cells, the small ribosomal subunit contains
- 1 rRNA
- 33 different ribosomal proteins
in eukaryotic cells, the large ribosomal subunit contains
- 3 rRNA
- 49 different ribosomal proteins
large ribosomal subunit + small ribosomal subunit
functional ribosome
molecule that decodes the information in the mRNA molecule into the primary structure of a protein
transfer RNA
Two function the tRNA must faithfully perform
- must covalently bind one, and only one, specific amino acid
- must recognize appropriate codon on the mRNA that calls for that amino acid
three-nucleotide or triplet sequence found on mRNA that codes for a certain amino acid during translation
codon
three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence
anticodon
cloverleaf shape of tRNA
three hairpin loops and one open end are present
a tRNA molecule with antidocod 5’ AAG 3’ will interact with which of the following mRNA
3’ UUC 5’
during which a complementary copy of DNA, called mRNA, is created by RNA polymerase
transcription
during which a tRNA synthetase attaches the correct amino acid to the acceptor stem of the tRNA
tRNA activation
protein synthesis starts with what
start codon
first step of translation
initiation tRNA carrying amino acid Met binds at P site
second step of translation
tRNA with AA 2 binds at A site
third step of translation
peptide bond forms between AA 1 and 2 as AA 1 moves from P to A site
fourth step of translation
- first tRNA released
- ribosome moves one codon to right translocating dipeptide to P site
- tRNA with AA 3 occupies A site
process that advances the mRNA–tRNA moiety on the ribosome, to allow the next codon to move into the decoding center
translocation
fifth step of translation
elongation continues as dipeptide at P site bonds to A site
eventually the ribosome encounters a stop codon
termination
the initial amino acid methionine is often __ from the beginning of the chain
removed
gives the protein the final form it needs to be fully functional
post-translation processing