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Psychology > Chapter 5 Neuro System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Neuro System Flashcards

1
Q

the _______ is a collection of neurons that make up the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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2
Q

What neurological condition did both Anne Adams and Maurice Ravel possibly share?

A

frontotemporal dementia

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3
Q

The basic unit of the nervous system responsible for transmitting information is called the

A

neuron

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4
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

The chemical signals that travel from one neuron to another, enabling them to
communicate with one another

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5
Q

myelin sheath

A

a layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron

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6
Q

the following three chemicals are examples of neurotransmitters

A

endorphins
dopamine
serotonin

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7
Q

________ neurotransmitters make the cell more likely to fire, while _______
neurotransmitters make the cell less likely to fire

A

excitatory
inhibitory

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8
Q

neurotransmitters regulate

A

appetite
memory
emotions
movement

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9
Q

____ are drugs that mimic the actions of neurotransmitters, whereas ________ are
drugs that block the actions of neurotransmitters

A

agonists
antagonists

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10
Q

Which part of the brain regulates basic survival functions such as breathing, moving,
resting, and feeding

A

the old brain

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11
Q

the area of the brainstem that control heart rate and breathing is best known as

A

medulla

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12
Q

The brain structure responsible for posture, coordinating body movements, and
equilibrium is the

A

cerebellum

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13
Q

The part of the brain that regulates many basic functions such as body temperature,
thirst, and hunger is the

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

Which of the following structures is responsible for memory formation

A

hippocampus

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15
Q

The brain structure responsible for processing emotional stimuli, in particular fear, and
emotional memory is the

A

amygdala

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16
Q

The __________ is the outer bark-like layer of our brain that allows us to so
successfully use language, acquire complex skills, create tools, and live in social groups

A

cerebral cortex

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17
Q

The ________ of the brain houses the motor cortex and areas responsible for judgment,
decisions and planning.

A

frontal lobe

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18
Q

The _________ lobe extends from the middle to the back of the skull and which is
responsible primarily for processing information about touch

A

parietal lobe

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19
Q

The _______ lobe is located at the very back of the skull and processes visual
information.

A

occipital lobe

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20
Q

lobe responsible primarily for hearing and language

A

temporal lobe

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21
Q

____ means the brain is wired such that in most cases the left hemisphere receives
sensations from and controls the right side of the body, and vice versa

A

contralateral control

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22
Q

The brain’s neurons have the capacity to reorganize and can carry out functions in
response to damage to the brain

A

true

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23
Q

The peripheral nervous system affects __________ while the central nervous system is
associated with _______________

A

survival (such as breathing) info processing (such as seeing)

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24
Q

_______________________ carries information from sensory receptors, and
__________________________ transmits information to the muscles and glands.

A

sensory neurons
motor neurons

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25
When a brain of a living organism is damaged, the damage it is called a:
lesion
26
n a classic case study Phineas Gage became emotionally labile and unable to restrain his impulsive behaviors after a severe head injury. Much of his brain damage occurred in his
frontal lobe
27
why is it difficult to study the brain
hard to get a good picture of what is going on inside
28
In the "Cyberball" game, what happened to the participants during the exclusion scan?
they watched the game play but couldn't participate
29
What is one of the documented consequences of social exclusion mentioned in the study?
efforts to reconnect with others and feelin worse about oneself
30
nervous system
collection of hundreds of billions of specialized and interconnected cells through which messages are sent between the brain and the rest of the body
31
neuron
a cell in the nervous system whose function it is to receive and transmit information
32
soma
contains the nucleus of the cell and keeps the cells alive
33
dendrite
collects information from other cells and sends the information to the soma
34
axon
transmits information away from the cell body toward other neurons or to the muscles and glands
35
myelin sheath
layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron that both acts as an insulator and allows faster transmission of the electrical signal
36
in the nervous system the electrical charge moves
through the neuron itself
37
int he nervous system chemical are used to
transmit information between neurons
38
what state does the axon normally remain in
resting potential
39
electrical signal moves through the neuron as a result of changes in the
electrical charge of the axon
40
which side is more negative and more positive of a neuron
interior has more negatively charged ions then the outside
41
if a neuron receives a strong enough signal what opens and what happens
axon gate opens and positive sodium ions enter
42
once action potential occurs the number of positive ions...
exceeds the number of negative ions and the segment becomes positively charged
43
how does the action potential operate
in an all or nothing manner
44
refractory period
a brief time after the firing of the axon in which the axon cannot fire again because the neuron has not yet returned to its resting potential
45
nodes of ranvier
gaps between the axons where the myelin sheath covers it
46
as each new segment becomes positive...
the membrane in the prior segment closes and return to negatively charged
47
synapses
areas where the terminal buttons at the end of the axon of one neuron nearly but don't quite touch the dendrites of another
48
oxytocin
hormone that acts as a neurotransmitter
49
excitatory
make the cell more likely to fire
50
inhibitory
make the cells less likely to fire
51
reuptake
neurotransmitters that are in the synapses are reabsorbed into the transmitting terminal buttons ready to again be released after the neuron fires
52
major neurotrnasmitters
acetylcholine dopamine endorphins glutamate serotonin GABA
53
neurotransmitters regulate
appetite memory emotions muscle action movement psychological and physical diseases
54
the oldest part of the brain is
the parts closest to the spinal cord
55
medulla
brain stem that controls heart rate and breathing
56
pons
brain stem that helps control movements in the body
57
reticular formation
walking eating sexual activity sleeping
58
consuming alcohol affects the
cerebellum
59
limbic system
responsible for memory and emotions including reward punishment
60
gyri
ridges in the brain
61
sulci
grooves in the brain
62
fissures
deep grooves in the brain
63
cortex makes up ______% of the brains weight
80%
64
corticalization
folding of the cerebral cortex
65
motor control
controls and executes movements of the body by sending signals to the cerebellum and the spinal cord
66
somatosensory cortex
receives information from the skins sensory receptors and the movements of different body parts
67
olfactory cortex
processes smells
68
gustatory cortex
processes taste
69
what happens when the auditory cortex is damaged
unable to understand what noises mean
70
neuroplasticity
brains ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage
71
interneuron
communicates among other neurons
72
nervous system is the
electrical information highway
73
spinal cord is the
central throughway of information
74
when a quick response is needed the spinal cord can
do its own processing and bypass the brain
75
autonomic control examples
heart rate breathing digestion salivation perspiration urination sexual arousal
76
somatic controls
skeletal muscles skin sense organs
77
endocrine system
network of glands in your body that make the hormones that help cells talk to each other
78
gland
groups of cells that function to secrete hormones
79
hormone
chemical that moves throughout the body to help regulate emotions and behaviours
80
2 ways to measure electrical activity of neurons
direct and indirect
81
direct measurement of neurons
placing electrodes directly into the brain
82
indirect measurement of neurons
measuring brain waves that pass through the skull by sensors that stick to the skin
83
electro cephalography (EEG)
records electrical activity produced by the brains neurons through the use of electrodes placed on the head
84
fMRI
brain scan that uses a magnetic field activity in each brain area
85
TMS
transcranial magnetic stimuli magnetic pulse are applied to the brain of a living person with the goal of temporarily deactivating a small portion of the brain

Psychology (10 decks)

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