Chapter 5 - Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System and the Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is the central nervous system and what does it consist of?

A

Its the control centre of the whole nervous system and contains the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

Nerves that connect the central nervous system with receptors, muscles and glands

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4
Q

What do axons do?

A

Carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

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5
Q

What do myelinated fibres have?

A

They have a myelin sheath

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6
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

A molecule that carries a nerve impulse across the small gap between branches of adjacent nerve cells

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7
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The junction between the branches of adjacent neurons

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8
Q

What are nerve impulses?

A

Messages that travel along nerve fibres

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9
Q

What do nerve impulses do?

A

Transmitted quickly making the body respond rapidly to any change

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10
Q

What is an electrochemical change?

A

Change in the electrical voltage brought about by changes in the concentration of ions

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11
Q

Unmyelinated fibres..:

A

Travel steadily along the fibre

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12
Q

Why do myelinated nerves travel faster

A

Due to saltatory conduction

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13
Q

What does extracellular fluid contain?

A

High concentration of sodium chloride

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14
Q

What does intracellular fluid contain?

A

Low concentration potassium

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15
Q

What is resting membrane potential?

A

The membrane potential of unstimulated nerve cells

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16
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Is the commnication network and control centre - maintains homeostasis

17
Q

What does the term polarised mean?

A

When the inside of the membrane of nerve cells is negatively charged

18
Q

What does the term depolarised mean?

A

When there is no difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the membrane

19
Q

What is the all or none response

A

A response of constant size regardless of the strength of the stimulus

20
Q

What is action potential?

A

When sodium ions move into a nerve cell at a particular place on the membrane

21
Q

What is a refractory period?

A

A short period following a stimulus during which a nerve cell cannot be stimulated

22
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Have branches/ send and receive messages from the neuron

23
Q

What is grey matter

A

Consists of nerve cell bodies

Unmyelinated fibres

24
Q

What is white matter?

A

Consists of myelinated fibres

25
Q

What do Schwann cells form?

A

Myelin sheath

26
Q

Sheath has 3 important functions

A
  1. Insulator
  2. Protects axons
  3. Speed up movement of nerve impulses
27
Q

Types of neurons

A
  1. Sensory: carry messages from receptors to cns
  2. Motor: carry messages from CNS to muscles and glands
  3. Interneurons: link between sensory and motor
28
Q

Structural types of neurons

A
  1. Multipolar
  2. Bipolar
  3. Unipolar
  4. Neuron
  5. Nerve fibre
  6. Nerve