Chapter 4 - Chemical Messengers Flashcards
Homeostasis ensures that the fluid environment of the cells:
- Contains the optimum concentration of the nutrients, ions, gases and water.
- Stays at constant temperature (Optimum temperature for cell functioning)
- Is maintained at optimal pressure
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
Another name for Homeostasis
Steady State
How does the body maintain homeostasis?
Sense changes in the internal and external environments and compensate for those changes.
What surrounds the body’s cells?
Fluids
What must be maintained within very fine limits of body cell fluids?
The composition and temperature
Hormone and amine hormones work by:
Attaching to receptor molecules on the membrane of target cells
What happens when a hormone combines with a receptor?
Causes secondary messenger substance to diffuse through the cell and activate particular enzymes.
Homeostasis ensures that the fluid environment:
Contains the optimum concentration of nutrients, ions, gases and water
What is dynamic equilibrium?
Is when Input and output of materials and energy are balanced
Hormones may:
Activate certain genes in the nucleus so that particular enzymes on structural protein is produced.
Change enzyme shape
Change rate of production
What is enzyme application?
A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one step is an enzyme that produces an even greater number of protein molecules
What is hormone clearance?
When a hormone produces required effect - it needs to be turned off
How is a hormone “turned off”?
Hormone molecules are broken down in the liver/ kidney
Gotten rid of through urine/bile
What is releasing factor?
A hormone whose purpose is to control thee release of other hormones
What is inhibiting factor?
A hormone that slows the release of other hormones
What does the pancreas do?
Secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine though the pancreas duct
What does the pancreas produce?
Insulin
What does the hypothalamus do?
Regulates body temp, water balance and heart rate
What does the anterior do?
Regulates a range of bodily activities,
What is gonadotropin?
The hormones that affect the sex organs
What is the follicle stimulating hormone
Stimulates development of follicle in the ovary
What is the Luteinising hormone?
Promotes final maturation of the ovarian follicle
What is adrenocorticotropic?
Controls production and release some hormones from the cortex of the adrenal gland
