Chapter 4 - Chemical Messengers

Question 0

Homeostasis ensures that the fluid environment of the cells:

Answer 0

• Contains the optimum concentration of the nutrients, ions, gases and water.
• Stays at constant temperature (Optimum temperature for cell functioning)
• Is maintained at optimal pressure

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 2

Another name for Homeostasis

Answer 2

Steady State

Question 3

How does the body maintain homeostasis?

Answer 3

Sense changes in the internal and external environments and compensate for those changes.

Question 4

What surrounds the body’s cells?

Answer 4

Fluids

Question 5

What must be maintained within very fine limits of body cell fluids?

Answer 5

The composition and temperature

Question 6

Hormone and amine hormones work by:

Answer 6

Attaching to receptor molecules on the membrane of target cells

Question 7

What happens when a hormone combines with a receptor?

Answer 7

Causes secondary messenger substance to diffuse through the cell and activate particular enzymes.

Question 8

Homeostasis ensures that the fluid environment:

Answer 8

Contains the optimum concentration of nutrients, ions, gases and water

Question 9

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 9

Is when Input and output of materials and energy are balanced

Question 10

Hormones may:

Answer 10

Activate certain genes in the nucleus so that particular enzymes on structural protein is produced.
Change enzyme shape
Change rate of production

Question 11

What is enzyme application?

Answer 11

A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one step is an enzyme that produces an even greater number of protein molecules

Question 12

What is hormone clearance?

Answer 12

When a hormone produces required effect - it needs to be turned off

Question 13

How is a hormone “turned off”?

Answer 13

Hormone molecules are broken down in the liver/ kidney

Gotten rid of through urine/bile

Question 14

What is releasing factor?

Answer 14

A hormone whose purpose is to control thee release of other hormones

Question 15

What is inhibiting factor?

Answer 15

A hormone that slows the release of other hormones

Question 16

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 16

Secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine though the pancreas duct

Question 17

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 17

Insulin

Question 18

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 18

Regulates body temp, water balance and heart rate

Question 19

What does the anterior do?

Answer 19

Regulates a range of bodily activities,

Question 20

What is gonadotropin?

Answer 20

The hormones that affect the sex organs

Question 21

What is the follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 21

Stimulates development of follicle in the ovary

Question 22

What is the Luteinising hormone?

Answer 22

Promotes final maturation of the ovarian follicle

Question 23

What is adrenocorticotropic?

Answer 23

Controls production and release some hormones from the cortex of the adrenal gland

Question 24

What does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland do?

Answer 24

Release hormones oxytocin and anti diuretic hormone

Produced in the special nerve cells

Question 25

What does Oxytocin do?

Answer 25

Stimulates contractions in the uterus
Released in large quantities during labour
Stimulates contraction in mammary glands

Question 26

Where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 26

In the brain