Chapter 5 Language Flashcards
Accent
Distinct pronunciation of a language
Anatolian hypothesis
The Anatolian hypothesis of Proto-Indo-European origin is that the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language lived in Anatolia during the Neolithic era. When the Neolithic Revolution took place in the seventh and sixth millennia BC, the speakers spread over Europe.
Creole
a mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage
Dialect
a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.
Extinct language
Language no longer used
Ideograms
a written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it,
Indo European
relating to the family of languages spoken over the greater part of Europe and Asia as far as northern India
Nostratic hypothesis
Nostratic hypothesis, proposed, but still controversial, language family of northern Eurasia. The term Nostratic was proposed in 1903 by the Danish linguist Holger Pedersen to encompass Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, Afro-Asiatic, and possibly other language families under one broad category.
Isogloss
a line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features.
Isolated language
A language isolate, in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or “genetic”) relationship with other languages, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language.
Kurgan hypothesis
It postulates that the people of a Kurgan culture in the Pontic steppe north of the Black Sea were the most likely speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). The term is derived from the Russian kurgan (курган), meaning tumulus or burial mound.
Language
People use to communicate
Language branch
language branch. collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.
Language family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family
Language group
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family.
Lingual Franca
a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different
National language
Most used language
Official language
Language used most
Orthography
Spelling system of a language
Pidgin
a grammatically simplified form of a language, used for communication between people not sharing a common language. Pidgins have a limited vocabulary, some elements of which are taken from local languages, and are not native languages, but arise out of language contact between speakers of other languages
Polyglot
Knowing several languages
Slang
a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people.
Standard language
A standard language or standard variety may be defined either as a language variety used by a population for public purposes or as a variety that has undergone standardization
Syntax
Arrangements of words to create a phrase
Toponym
Place name
Trade language
A lingua Franca
Vernacular
the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region
Mono linguality
Speaks one language
Bilinguality
Speak 2 languages
Multilingualism
Speak many languages
