Ch 10 Agriculture Flashcards
Agribusiness
agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology.
Ag
Growing of livestock and plants for selling
Cereal grain
Cereal is any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain, composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran
Chaff
the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing
Combine
an agricultural machine that cuts, threshes, and cleans a grain crop in one operation
Commercial ag
Commercial Farming: farming for a profit, where food is produced by advanced technological means for sale in the market.
Crop
cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially a grain, fruit, or vegetable.
Crop rotation
action or system of rotating crops.
Desertification
the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
Double cropping
second crop is planted after the first has been harvested
Grain
wheat or any other cultivated cereal crop used as food.
Green revolution
large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.
Horticulture
the art or practice of garden cultivation and management.
Hull
the outer covering of a fruit or seed, especially the pod of peas and beans, or the husk of grain
Intensive subsistence ah
A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
Milk shed
Boundary where milk can be delivered without spoiling
Paddy
field where rice is grown.
Pastoral nomadism
herding of domesticated animals
Pasture
land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep
Plantation
Farm which mass produced one crop
Prime ag land
land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is also available for these land uses
Ranching
Having cattle free roam and graze
Reaper
This machine was used by farmers to harvest crops mechanically
Ridge tillage
involving scalping and planting on ridge
Sawah
Rice field
Seed ag
Planting with seeds
Shifting cultivation
an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored.
Slash and burn
Burning vegetation to make a plot of land
Spring wheat
Plant in spring and harvested in late summer
Subsistence ag
farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their entire families
Sustainable ag
production of food, fiber, or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare
Swidden
an area of land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation.
Thresh
separate grain from (a plant), typically with a flail or by the action of a revolving mechanism
Transhumance
the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.
Truck farming
the production of crops of some vegetables on an extensive scale in regions especially suited to their culture primarily for shipment to distant markets
Vegetative planting
Planting veggies
Wet rice
Rice started in dry land then out to wet to promote growth
Winnow
blow a current of air through (grain) in order to remove the chaff
Winter wheat
Wheat planted in fall and gathered in spring
