Chapter 5 - Human Movement Science - Planes of Motion, Joint Motions, and Axes

Question 1

Anatomic position

Answer 1

The anatomic position is when the body is erect, the arms at your side and your palms facing forward. This way we can reference what is posterior, anterior, medial or lateral by referencing this default position.

Question 2

Sagittal Plane

Answer 2

The sagittal plane splits the body into a right half and they left half. Extension and flexion are movements in this plan

Question 3

Flexion

Answer 3

This is a bending movement where a relative angle between two adjacent sections decreases. It’s easier to imagine two separate reference points. A good example is of knee flexion. In this example, the two reference points are your calves and your hamstrings. As knee flexion occurs, the distance between your calves and hand strings decrease as they get closer to one another. As the knee goes into extension they move further away from each other, or the relative angle increases with the knee extension and decreases with knee flexion.

Question 4

Extension

Answer 4

This is the opposite of flexion. The relative angle between adjacent sections increases as with my knee extension example above.

Question 5

Hyperextension

Answer 5

This is the extension beyond the normal limits of the body.

Question 6

Frontal Plane

Answer 6

This is a vertical plane that has right angles compared to the sagittal plane breaking up the body between frontal and posterior planes.

Question 7

Abduction

Answer 7

The act that typically moves a limb away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane.

Question 8

Adduction

Answer 8

The act that typically moves a limb towards the midline of the body in the frontal plane.

Question 9

Transverse Plane

Answer 9

The plane that divides the body into a lower and upper section.

Question 10

Internal rotation

Answer 10

When a limb rotates in the transverse plane going towards the midline of the body. If looked from a bird’s eye view, a limb moving counterclockwise going towards the midline of the body.

Question 11

External rotation

Answer 11

When a limb rotates in the transverse plane going away from the midline of the body. If looked at from a bird’s eye view, a limb moving clockwise away from the midline of the bo

Question 12

Horizontal adduction

Answer 12

Imagine the movement of a chest fly.

Question 13

Horizontal abduction

Answer 13

Imagine the movement of a rear deltoid fly.

Question 14

Scapular motion

Answer 14

The act of moving the shoulder blades away from the midline.

Question 15

Scapular retraction

Answer 15

The act of moving the shoulder blades in the direction of the midline.

Question 16

Scapular elevation

Answer 16

The act of elevating the shoulder blades towards the superior.

Question 17

Scapular depression

Answer 17

The active lowering the shoulder blades towards the inferior.