Chapter 5 - Human Movement Science - Motor Behaviors

Question 1

Sensorimotor integration

Answer 1

How the muscular and nervous system cooperates to gather and interpret information in order to execute the movement.

Question 2

Proprioception

Answer 2

This is the cumulative sensory input to the CNS (Central nervous system) from all of the various mechanoreceptors that can sense limb movement and body position. Proprioception training improves coordination, posture, and balance.

Question 3

Muscle synergies

Answer 3

Muscles that are controlled by the central nervous system in order to produce the same movements.

Question 4

Motor development:

Answer 4

The maturation of muscle coordination.

Question 5

Motor learning

Answer 5

The process of improving one’s motor skills with practice. This results in lasting changes and one’s overall capability of responding.

Question 6

Motor control

Answer 6

The process where people use cognition in order to coordinate the muscles and limbs of the body.

Question 7

Motor behavior

Answer 7

Response to external and internal stimuli from the environment. The overall study of motor development, motor learning and motor control (a.k.a. movement)

Question 8

External feedback

Answer 8

This is information that one will get about their performance from external sources. Usually visual, verbal or written.

Question 9

Internal feedback

Answer 9

This is how you personally feel after you have practice or performed a certain skill.

Question 10

Feedback

Answer 10

This is a biological system where the response or the output affects the initial input. Your sensory system gathers input from your motor system in order to adapt and learn new motor skills.

Question 11

Planes of Motion

Answer 11

Go over worksheet for planes of motion.

Question 12

Frontal -

1) Splits the body into:
2) Axis of rotation:
3) Joint motion
4) Exercise examples

Answer 12

1) posterior and interior sections
2) anterior and posterior
3) abduction and adduction. Ankle inversion and eversion and lateral flexion.
4) pull-ups, barbell shoulder press, Hip abduction and adduction with cable.

Question 13

Transverse -

1) Splits the body into:
2) Axis of rotation:
3) Joint motion
4) Exercise examples

Answer 13

Splits the body into upper and lower sections.

The axis of rotation: longitudinal/vertical

Joint motion: pronation, supination, internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction.

Exercise example: trunk rotation, internal rotation, wood chop, horizontal adduction, cable chest fly, horizontal abduction, rear delt fly (machine).

Question 14

Sagittal

1) Splits the body into:
2) Axis of rotation:
3) Joint motion
4) Exercise example

Answer 14

Splits the body into right and left halves

The axis of rotation: coronal (medial-lateral axis).

Joint motion: Extension and flexion

Exercise examples: Hamstring curls, bicep curls (barbell), Quadricep extension, skull crushers

Question 15

Common Force Couples

Answer 15

Hips/Knee extension during walking, running, stair climbing = gluteus maximus, quadriceps, calf muscles.

Elbow flexion/bicep curls = shortening of the brachioradialis, brachialis and biceps brachii.

Question 16

Levers

Answer 16

The first type of lever is where the fulcrum sits directly between the energy moving the weight and the weight itself. Some good examples are scissors, seesaws, crowbars or a hammer extracting a nail.

The second type of lever is where the fulcrum is at one end, the weight is in the middle and the force is being applied on the other end. Some common levers that use this second type are wheelbarrows, can openers and staplers.

The third type of lever is where the fulcrum is on one end, the weight is on the other end and the forces being applied in the middle. With this type of lever, more force needs to be applied, but in return, the weight gets moved a much larger distance. Some good examples are a fishing rod, a broom or a baseball bat.