Chapter 2 - Basic Exercise Science - Nervous System

Question 1

The Human Movement System is comprised of the following 3 interwoven systems that allow our bodies to move

Answer 1

Nervous, Muscular, & Skeletal Systems

Question 2

The division of the nervous system comprising the brain and the spinal cord.

Answer 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 3

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) primary function?

Answer 3

To coordinate the activity of all parts of the body.

Question 4

The portion of the nervous system that is outside the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous System. This is located in the somatic and visceral parts of the spinal cord.

Question 5

What is the primary function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Answer 5

To connect the central nervous system to the limbs and organs, serving as a communication relay with the rest of the body.

Question 6

The part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing…

Answer 6

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 7

Part of the autonomic nervous system that activates what is often termed at fight or flight response

Answer 7

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Question 8

Part of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates rest and digestion physiological processes

Answer 8

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

Question 9

Neuron

Answer 9

The functional unit of the nervous system. . This allows it to communicate outside with the environment as well as internally with itself. Neuron’s transmit impulses through chemical and electrical signals. Neuron’s form the core of the spinal cord, brain and peripheral ganglia that make up the nervous system.

Question 10

What is a neuron comprised of?

Answer 10

the cell body, an axon, and dendrites

Question 11

Motor neurons that send a message for the muscles to contract

Answer 11

Efferent Neuron

Question 12

Sensory neurons (afferent)

Answer 12

This is a type of nerve cell that conducts impulses to the central nervous system from a sense organ. Nerve impulses that move toward the spinal cord and brain from the periphery of the body and are sensory in nature

Question 13

The Nervous System

Answer 13

One of the primary organ systems in the body. Is a combination of billions of cells that communicate with one another in a network within the body.

Question 14

Sensory function

Answer 14

The ability of the nervous system to notice changes in their external or internal environment. This is one of the three main functions of the nervous system.

Question 15

Integrative function

Answer 15

The ability that the nervous system has to interpret and analyze sensory information. This allows for adequate decision-making and producing the correct response.

Question 16

Motor function

Answer 16

This is the neuromuscular (Muscular and nervous system) response to sensory information. For example your body’s response by muscular contraction when you touch burning hot metal.

Question 17

Proprioception

Answer 17

This is the cumulative sensory input to the CNS (Central nervous system) from all of the various mechanoreceptors that can sense limb movement and body position. Proprioception training improves coordination, posture, and balance.

Question 18

Interneurons

Answer 18

Interneurons send nerve in pulses between one another.

Question 19

Motor neurons (efferent)

Answer 19

This is a type of nerve cell that sends impulses to glands, muscles and other effectors. Stimulates muscle contraction to initiate movement.

Question 20

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 20

Specialized receptors that respond to pressure inside of tissues and transmit signals through sensory nerves. These respond to forces such as motion, sound waves, pressure, stretching and touch. It can sense the various distortions in the human body.

Question 21

Muscle spindles

Answer 21

These are sensory receptors that sit parallel to muscular fibers. These special spindles are able to detect the length of a muscle and how fast it changes length. This helps to regulate the contraction of muscles by way of the stretch reflex mechanism. Its purpose is to help prevent and protect over stretching that could lead to muscular damage.

Question 22

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 22

Golgi tendon organs or GTO is another type of specialized sensory receptor. They are found where tendons attached to skeletal muscular fibers. These receptors can sense the change in muscular tension and the rate that this tension changes. When you activate the Golgi tendon organ it will cause a muscle to relax. This is to help prevent injury from excess stress and contraction.

Question 23

Joint receptors

Answer 23

These receptors are located around the joint capsule. They respond to acceleration, deceleration, and pressure at the joint. They are able to sense extreme joint positions and send signals in order to prevent injuries.