Chapter 5: Gross Motor Development Flashcards
1
Q
- turns head side to side
- rotates head freely when up
- lifts head momentarily
- lifts head and sustains in midline
- bends hips with bottom in air
- able to bear weight on forearms but results in shoulder collapse
- able to tuck chin and gaze at hands in forearm prop
A
Prone
0-2 months
2
Q
- shifts weight on forearms and reaches forward
- bears weight and shift weight on extended arms
- legs are closer together and thighs roll inward toward natural alignment
- hips are flat on surface
- equilibrium reactions are present
A
Prone
5-6 months
3
Q
- airplane posutring/prone extension in prone position; chest and thighs lift off surface
A
Prone
5-8 months
4
Q
- pivots in prone position
- moves to prone position to sit
A
Prone
7-8 months
5
Q
- begins to dislike prone position/not liking tummy time so much
A
Prone
9 Months
6
Q
- head held to one side
- able to turn head side to side
A
Supine
0-3 months
7
Q
- holds head in midline
- chin is tucked and neck lengthens in back
- legs come together
- lower back flattens against the floor
A
Supine
3-4 months
8
Q
- head-leg is not present when pulled to a sitting position
- hands are together in space
A
Supine
4-5 months
9
Q
- lifts head independently
- brings feet to mouth
- brings hands to feet
- able to reach for toy with one or both hands
- hands are predominantly open
A
Supine
5-6 months
10
Q
- Rolls from prone to side accidentally because of poor weight shifting
- rolls from supine to side
A
Rolling
3-4 months
11
Q
- Rolls from prone to supine
- rolls from supine position to side with right and left leg performing inndep movements
- rolls from supine to prone with right and left leg and right leg performing indep movements
A
Rolling
5-6 months
12
Q
- Rolls segmentally with roll initated by head, shoulder or hips
A
Rolling
6-14 months
13
Q
- crawls forward on belly
A
Creeping
7 months
14
Q
- creeps on hands and feet
A
Creeping
10-11 months
15
Q
- creeps well at about 11-12 mo
A
Creeping/ Crawling
11-12 months
16
Q
- head bobs in sitting
- back is rounded
- hips are apart turned out and bent
- head is steady
- chin tucks; able to gaze at floor
- sits with less support
- hips are bent and shoulder are in front of hips
A
Sitting
0-3 mo
17
Q
- sits alone momentarily
- increase extension in back
- sits by propping forward on arms
- wide base, legs are bent
- periodic use of “high gaurd” position
- protective responses present when to front
A
Sitting
5-6 months
18
Q
- Sits alone steadily, initally with wide base of support
- can play with toys while sitting
A
Sitting
5-10 months
19
Q
- can get to sitting position from prone
A
Sitting
6-11 months
20
Q
- Equilibrium reactions are present
- able to rotate upper body while lower body remain stationary
- protective responses are preseent when falling to the side
A
Sitting
7-8 months
21
Q
- Sits well without support
- legs are closer; full upright position, kees straight
- increased variety of sitting positions inluding w-sitting
- difficult fine morotor tasks may prompt return to wide base of support
A
Sitting
8-10 months
22
Q
- rises from supine position by first rolling over to stomach and then pushing up into four-point position
- protective extension backwards first with flexed elbwows then straight (10-12 mo)
- Able to move in and out of sitting positions into other positions (10-12 mo)
A
Sitting
9-18 months
23
Q
- Rises from supie by first rolling to side then pushing up into sitting position
A
Sitting
11-24+ months
24
Q
- when held in standin, takes some weight on legs
- when held in standing postion; legs may give way (2-3 mo)
A
Standing
0-3 months
25
* bears some weight on legs, but must be held proximally
* head is up in midline; no chin tuck
* pelvis and hips are behind shoudlers
* legs are apart and turned outwards
**Standing**
3-4 months
26
* increased capability to bear weight
* decreased support needed; may be held by arms or hands
* legs are still spread apart and turned outward
* bounces in standing position
**Standing**
5-6 months
27
* stands while holding onto furniture
* pulls to standing at furniture (6-12 mo)
**Standing**
5-10 months
28
* rotates the trunk over the LEs
* LEs are more active when pulling to standing position
* pulls to a standing position by kneeling and then half kneeling
**Standing**
8-9 months
29
* pulls to standing position with legs only; no longer needs arms
* stands alone momentarily
**Standing**
9-13 months
30
* cruises sideways
**Walking**
8 months
31
* walks with two hands held
**Walking**
8-18 months
32
* cruises around furniture, tunring slightly in intended direction
**Walking**
9-10 months
33
* takes independent steps, falls easily
* Walking; stoops and recovers in play (10-14 mo)
**Walking**
9-17 months
34
* walks with one hand held
* reaches for furniture out of reach when cruising
* crusies in either direction no hesitation
**Walking**
11 months
35
* able to start and stop in walking
**Walking**
15 months
36
* seldom falls while walking
* run stiffly with eyes on ground
**Walking**
18 months
37
* no release; grasp reflex is strong
**Release**
0-1 months
38
* mutual fingering in midline (all fingers work together with flexion and extension, etc).
**Release**
4 months
39
* transfers objects from hand to hand
* two stage transfer: taking hand grasps before releasing hand lets go (5-6 mo)
* one stange transfer; taking hand and relasing hand perfrom actions simulatneously (6-7 mo)
**Release**
4-8 months
40
* presses fown on surface to release
**Release**
7-10 months
41
* releases above a surface with wrist flexion
* releases into a container with wrist straight (9-10 mo)
* clumsy release into small container; hand rests on edge of container (10-14 mo)
**Release**
8 months
42
* creeps up stairs (15 mo)
* creeps backwards downstairs (18-23 mo)
* walks stairs up and down while holding on (18-24 mo)
* walks stairs independently and without support (2-2.5+ yrs)
* walks up stairs, alternating feet (2-2.5-3 yrs)
* walks down stair alternating feet (3-3.5 yrs)
**Stair Climbing**
43
* jumps down from a step
**Jumping and Hopping**
2 years
44
* hops on one foot for a few steps
**Jumping and Hopping**
2.5+ years
45
* (3yr) jumps off floor with both feet
* (3-5 yrs) jumps over objects
* (3.5-5yrs) hops on one foot
* (3-4 yrs) gallops leading with one foot and trasnferring weight smoothly
* (5 yrs) hops in straight line
**Jumping and Hopping**
3-5 years
46
* Skips on alternating feet maintaining balance
**Jumping and Hopping**
5-6 years
