Chapter 5: Cog & Play Development Flashcards
Early Object Use - 3-6 months
Actions: Child focuses on action performed with objects (banging, shaking)
Early Object Use - 6-9 months
more actions: (pulling, turning, poking, tearing)
Early Object Use - 8-9 months
Combines objects, such as objects in containers
Early Object Use - 9-12 months
notices the relation between actions and consequences such as opening doors, placing lids on containers
Early Object Use - 12 - 15 months
Child links schemes in SIMPLE combinations (putting baby in carriage, then pushing it)
Early Object Use - 24-36 months
Child links MULTI-scheme combinations into meaningful sequences (putting food in bowl, scooping food with spoon, feeding doll)
Early Object Use - 36-42 months
Child links schemes into a complex script
Problem-solving skills - 6-9 months
1) Finds object after watching it disappear
2) uses movement as a means to an end (rolling to secure toy)
3) anticipates movement of objects in space (looking toward trajectery of object)
4) attends to consequences of actions (banging toy and seeing it makes noise)
5) repeats actions to repeat consequences (banging toy to hear noise)
Problem-solving skills - 9-12 months
1) Child is able to use a tool after demonstration
2) Child’s behavior becomes more goal directed
3) Child performs an action to produce a response
Problem-solving skills - 12 - 15 months
1) Child recruits the help of an adult to achieve a goal
2) Child attempts to activate a simple mechanism
3) Child turns and inspects objects
4) Child uses trial and error
Problem-solving skills - 18-21 months
1) Child attends to shapes of things and uses appropriately
2) Child begins to think before acting
3) Child uses tool to obtain a favored object
4) Child begins to replace trial and error with a thought process in order to attain a goal
5) Child can operate a mechanical toy (on-off switch)
6) Child can predict effects or presume causes
Problem-solving skills - 21-24 months
1) Child recognizes operations of several mechanisms
2) Child matches circles, squares, triangles, and manipulates objects into small openings (shape sorter)
Problem-solving skills - 24-27 months
1) Child discriminates sizes
Problem-solving skills - 24-30 months
1) Child can build with blocks horizontally and vertically
Problem-solving skills - 27-30 months
1) Child begins to relates experiences to one another based on logic and knowledge of past experiences
2) Child can make mental plan without acting it out
3) Child can see relationships between experiences (popped balloon makes loud noise)
Problem-solving skills - 36-48 months
1) Child can build a tower of 9 cubes - balance and coordination
2) Child can organize objects by size, and builds structure by mental image
Problem-solving skills - 48-60 months (4-5 years)
1) Child can build involved structures combining various planes and symmetrical designs
2) Able to utilize spatial awareness, cause-and-effect, and mental images in problem solving
Symbolic Play - 12-16 months
1) Basic “make believe” play, primarily involving self (eating, sleeping)
Symbolic Play - 12-18 months
1) Child can project “make believe” play on objects and others
2) Child uses a variety of schemes in imitating familiar activities
Symbolic Play - 18-24 months
1) Child increases the use of non-realistic objects in pretending (substituting a block for a train)
2) Child has inanimate objects perform familiar activities (doll washing itself)
Symbolic Play - 2-4 years
1) Child engages in play experiences through which he/she formulates, tests, classifies, and refines ideas, feelings, and combined actions.
2) Associated with language development
3) Prefers objects of symbolization, control and mastery
4) Mostly parallel play with peers
Exploratory Play - 0-2 years
1) play experiences to develop body scheme
2) explores properties and effects of actions on objects and people (build sensory and motor skills)
3) Plays mostly with parents/caregivers
Creative Play - 4-7 years
1) sensory, motor, cognitive, and social play
2) Explores combinations of actions on multiple objects
3) masters skills that promote performance in school and work activities
4) cooperative peer groups
Games, 7-12 years
1) Participates in play with rules, competition, social interaction, and opportunities for development of skills
2) Cooperative peer groups with growing interest in competition
3) Friends - parents when friends absent
