Chapter 5- Developmental Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Zygote

A

The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into a embryo.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Embryo

A

The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fetus

A

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Teratogens

A

“Monster maker” the agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (fas)

A

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant women’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include small, out of proportion head and abnormal facial features.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Habituation

A

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maturation

A

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cognition

A

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Schema

A

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Assimilation

A

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Accommodation

A

Adapting our current understandings to incorporate new information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

In piagets theory, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Object permanence

A

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pre operational stage

A

In piagets theory, the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Conservation

A

The Prinicple that properties such as mass, volume, and number remains the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

17
Q

Egocentrism

A

In piagets theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.

18
Q

Theory of mind

A

People’s ideas about their own and others mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

19
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

In piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

20
Q

Formal operational stage

A

In piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

21
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (asd)

A

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

22
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

23
Q

Attachment

A

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.

24
Q

Critical period

A

An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development.

25
Q

Imprinting

A

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life.

26
Q

Basic trust

A

According to Erik Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

27
Q

Self concept

A

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “who am I?”

28
Q

Adolescence

A

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

29
Q

Puberty

A

The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

30
Q

Identity

A

Our sense of self; according to Erickson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.

31
Q

Social identity

A

The “we” aspects of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “who am I?” That comes from our group memberships.

32
Q

Intimacy

A

In eriksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary development task in young adulthood.

33
Q

Emerging adulthood

A

A period from age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults.

34
Q

Menopause

A

The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.

35
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.

36
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.

37
Q

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)

A

Acquired disorders marked by cognitive deficits; often related to Alzheimer’s disease, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse. In older adults neurocognitive disorders Were formerly called dementia.

38
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

A neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques, often with an onset after age 80, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities.

39
Q

Social clock

A

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.