Chapter 15- Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Psychological disorders

Answer 1

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

Question 2

Medical model

Answer 2

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured, often through treatment in hospital.

Question 3

Epigenetics

Answer 3

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.

Question 4

DSM-5

Answer 4

The American psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Question 5

ADHD

Answer 5

Psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Question 6

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 6

In which a person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy, in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Question 7

Panic disorder

Answer 7

In which a person experiences panic attacks-sudden episodes of intense dread, accompanying chest pain, choking, other freighting sensations-and fears the unpredictable onset of the next episode.

Question 8

Phobias

Answer 8

In which a person is intensely and irrationally afraid of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Question 9

Anxiety disorders

Answer 9

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Question 10

OCD

Answer 10

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both.

Question 11

PTSD

Answer 11

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after traumatic experience.

Question 12

Major depressive disorder

Answer 12

A disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

Question 13

Mania

Answer 13

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.

Question 14

Bipolar disorder

Answer 14

A disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Question 15

Rumination

Answer 15

Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes.

Question 16

Schizophrenia

Answer 16

A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/ or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

Question 17

Delusion

Answer 17

A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Question 18

Chronic schizophrenia

Answer 18

A form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

Question 19

Acute schizophrenia

Answer 19

A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods.

Question 20

Dissociative disorder

Answer 20

Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 21

DID

Answer 21

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Question 22

Personality disorder

Answer 22

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Question 23

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 23

A personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Question 24

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 24

An eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise.

Question 25

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 25

An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging or fasting.

Question 26

Binge-eating disorder

Answer 26

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa.