Chapter 15- Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Psychological disorders
A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
Medical model
The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured, often through treatment in hospital.
Epigenetics
The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.
DSM-5
The American psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
ADHD
Psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Generalized anxiety disorder
In which a person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy, in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
Panic disorder
In which a person experiences panic attacks-sudden episodes of intense dread, accompanying chest pain, choking, other freighting sensations-and fears the unpredictable onset of the next episode.
Phobias
In which a person is intensely and irrationally afraid of a specific object, activity, or situation.
Anxiety disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
OCD
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both.
PTSD
A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after traumatic experience.
Major depressive disorder
A disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
Mania
A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.
Bipolar disorder
A disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Rumination
Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes.
Schizophrenia
A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/ or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.
Delusion
A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
Chronic schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.
Acute schizophrenia
A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods.
Dissociative disorder
Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
DID
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.
Personality disorder
Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
Antisocial personality disorder
A personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise.
