Chapter 4- behavior genetics

Question 1

Behavior Genetics

Answer 1

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Question 2

Environment

Answer 2

Every nongentic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the gene.

Question 4

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 4

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins.

Question 6

Genome

Answer 6

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes.

Question 7

Identical twins (monozygotic twins)

Answer 7

Develop from one single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.

Question 8

Fraternal twins (dizygotic twins)

Answer 8

Develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than ordinary brothers and sisters, but they share a prenatal environment.

Question 9

Temperament

Answer 9

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

Question 10

Heritability

Answer 10

The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

Question 11

Molecular genetics

Answer 11

The sub field of biology that studies the molecular structure and functions of genes.

Question 12

Molecular behavior genetics

Answer 12

The study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior.

Question 13

Epigenetics

Answer 13

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.