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GPHR 2019 > Chapter 5 Country And Company Culture > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Country And Company Culture Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture

A

Culture is the characteristic way of behaving and believing that a group of people have developed over time and share in common

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2
Q

Surface or explicit culture

A

Outside layer

Observable

Dress, food, architecture,customs, handshake, body language, gestures.

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3
Q

Hidden culture

A

Middle layer

Values, religion, philosophies and views of what is right and wrong.

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4
Q

Invisible or implicit culture

A

Core

The cultures universal truths, bases for all cultural beliefs.

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5
Q

Power distance

A

Power distance between bosses and subs.

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6
Q

High power distance

A

Power is legitimate and should be respected.

Malasia 
Guatemala 
Panama
Philippines 
Mexico
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7
Q

Low power distance

A

Authority is to be challenged.

Austria
Israel
Denmark
New Zealand
Ireland
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8
Q

Individualistic cultures

A 
Us
Canada
Australia 
UK
Netherlands
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9
Q

Collectivist culture

A 
Guatemala 
Mexico
Venezuela
Ecuador
Colombia

South America

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10
Q

Uncertainty avoidance

A

The need for rules, policies, the extent to which ppl feel
threatened by uncertainty.

Cultures include:

Greece
Portugal 
Guatemala 
Uruguay 
Belgium
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11
Q

Tolerance for ambiguity

A

Less need for rules or policies.

Cultures:

Singapore 
Jamaica 
Denmark
Sweden
Hong Kong
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12
Q

Masculinity culture

A

Preference for achievements, heroism, assertiveness, or material possessions.

Cultures:

Japan, Austria, Venezuela, Italy, Switzerland

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13
Q

Feminity culture

A

Cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life. Environmental awareness.

Cultures:

Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, Denmark, Costa Rica

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14
Q

Long term orientation

A

Acceptance that business results may take time to achieve, employees belying a long term relationship with their employer.

Cultures:

Asia

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15
Q

Short term orientation

A

Results are set and can be achieved within a time period. Employees change employers often.

Cultures:

Pakistan 
Nigeria
Philippines
Canada
UK
US
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16
Q

Pragmatic

A

Accepting that not everything can be explained.

Cultures:

Asia
Germany

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17
Q

Normative

A

The need to have an explanation for everything.

Cultures:

Egypt
Malta
Nigeria
Dom rep
Colombia
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18
Q

Indulgent

A

Free gratification

Culture:

South America
Nigeria
Angola

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19
Q

Restraint

A

Suppressed gratification

Pakistan
Egypt
Latvia
Eastern Europe

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20
Q

What company did Geert Hofstede work for and study 53 countries cultural diversities

A

IBM

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21
Q

What dimensions was Trimpenaars and Hampden Turner responsible for

A

Univer/particularism

Individ/communitarianism

Neutral/emotional

Specific/diffuse

Achievement/ascription

Sequential/synchronous

Internal/outer direction

22
Q

Universalism

A

High importance on laws, rules, values, and obligations.

Culture:

US
Canada
UK
Netherlands
Australia 
Switzerland
23
Q

Particularism

A

Each circumstance and each relationship dictates the rules to live by.

Cultures:

Russia
Latin America
China

24
Q

Individualism

A

Personal freedom and achievement. Must take care of self.

Cultures:

US
Canada 
UK
Scandinavia 
New Zealand
Switzerland
25
Q

Communitarianism

A

The Group is more important than the individual.

Cultures:

Latin America, Africa, and Japan

26
Q

Neutral

A

People make a great effort to control their emotions. Reason influences their actions for more than their feelings. People don’t reveal what they’re thinking or how they’re feeling.

Cultures:

Eastern Europe

UK
Sweden 
Netherlands
Finland
Germany
27
Q

Emotional

A

People want to find ways to express their emotions, even spontaneously, at work and in social situations.

Cultures:

Poland
Italy
France
Spain
Latin America
28
Q

Specific

A

People keep work and personal lives separate.

Cultures:

UK
US
Swiss
Germany 
Netherlands
29
Q

Diffuse

A

People see an overlap between their work and personal lives they believe that good relationships are vital to meeting business objectives, and that their relationships with others will be important.

Cultures:

Argentina
Spain
Russia
India
China
30
Q

Achievement

A

Value performance no matter who you are. Assumed that you earned your status.

US
Canada
Australia
Scandinavia

31
Q

Ascription

A

People believe that you should be valued for who you are. Societal roles and jobs are passed down.

Cultures:

France
Italy
Japan
Saudi Arabia

32
Q

Sequential time

A

People like events to happen in order they place a high value on punctuality, planning and sticking to your plans and staying on schedule.

Cultures:

Germany
UK
US

33
Q

Synchronous time

A

People see the past, present, and future as interwoven periods. They often work on several projects at once, and view plans and commitments as flexible.

Cultures:

Japan
Argentina
Mexico

34
Q

Internal direction

A

People believe that they can control nature for their environment to achieve goals, this includes how they work with teams and within organizations.

Cultures:

US
Australia
New Zealand
UK

35
Q

Outer direction

A

People believe that nature, or their environment, controls them; they must work with their environment to achieve goals. At work or in relationships, they focus their actions on others, and they avoid conflict where possible. People often need reassurance that they’re doing a good job.

China
Russia
Saudi Arabia

36
Q

Anglo cultures

A 
Aus
Canada
Ireland
New z
SA
UK
US
37
Q

Arab

A 
Abu
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Saudi
UAE
38
Q

Far Eastern

A 
HK
China
Indo
My
Phil
Sing
Burt
Taiwan
Thai
39
Q

Germanic

A

Austria
Germ
Swiss

40
Q

Latin

A 
Argen
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
41
Q

Latin EU

A 
Belgium
France
Italy
Port
Spain
42
Q

Near eastern

A

Greece
Iran
Turkey

43
Q

Nordic

A

Denmark
Finland
Norway
Sweden

44
Q

Independent

A 
Brazil
India
Israel
Japan
South Korea

BIIJS

45
Q

Gestelands four patterns

A

Deal vs relationship
Informal vs formal
Rigid vs fluid
Expressive vs reserved

46
Q

Gestelands Deal Focus

A

Some culture value relationships more then the deal and vice versa. Doing business together makes it very difficult.

47
Q

Gestelands Informal

A

Issues arise when travelers form informal cultures come across more formal cultures.

48
Q

Gestelands rigid time

A

Some cultures focus more on the rigid ness of a clock while others are more focused on building relationships.

49
Q

Emic

A

Differences across cultures

50
Q

Etic

A

The same across all cultures

51
Q

What are the 3 critical equivalence issues that arise in conducting cultural research?

A

Metric - surveys wording when translated. Fixed by back translating it.

Conceptual- words and scales have the same meaning.

Functional- words used are viewed similarly in each culture.

GPHR 2019 (19 decks)

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