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Psychology 100 > Chapter 5 - Consciousness and Sleep > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Consciousness and Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

being aware of our environment and ourselves

Brain Mental States:
- Sleeping,
- Dreaming
- Awake

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2
Q

Types of Consciousness: Selective Attention:

A

focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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3
Q

Types of Consciousness: Inattentional Blindness

A

the failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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4
Q

Types of Consciousness: Day dreaming:

A

apart of our waking consciousness even though our awareness of the environment around us declines

Purpose of Daydreams:
- Substitutes for impulsive behavior
- Escapes from reality
Helps us to prepare for future events

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5
Q

Types of Consciousness: Change Blindness

A

failing to notice a change in an environment

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6
Q

Sleep

A

a cycle of 90 mins which repeats throughout the night with each NREM cycle getting shorter and each REM cycle getting longer
- brain is equally as active but in different areas when compared to waking consciousness

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7
Q

Factors which are good for sleep

A

Factors Influencing good sleep:
- 8 hours a night
- Circadian rhythms(melatonin is produced in the evening to induce sleepiness and removed at the sight of light)

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8
Q

Types of Sleep

A

REM: Rapid eye movement sleep which includes dreams
- Lasts for about 10 mins
- Characterised by irregular breathing, occasional sexual arousal and darting eyes

NREM: non rapid eye movement sleep which is dreamless and has 4 stages
- lasts 50-70 mins

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9
Q

Stages of NREM Sleep:

A
  • Stage 1: the transitional stage from wake to sleep where you are aware of falling asleep
    ○ Characterised by a sensation of falling, sleep jerking,
    ○ Lasts a few minutes
    • Stage 2: the most prominent stage which lasts the longest begins when you are first asleep,
      ○ Characterized by sleep talking, and being easily awoken
      ○ Lasts 15-20 mins
    • Stage 3: A deep sleep where you are hard to wake
      ○ Characterised by bedwetting and sleep walking
      Lasts for about 30 mins initially and decreases over a night
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10
Q

Dreams

A

a sequence of images, emotions and thoughts that pass through a persons mind when they sleep

  • Emotion based as our limbic system is much more active during sleep whereas our Frontal lobe is silent
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10
Q

why we dream

A
  • to satisfy our own wishes
    • To Shift, sort and secure memories(transfers memory from STM to LTM)
    • To develop and preserve neural pathways(REM sleep develops the brain)
    • To reflect cognitive development(dreams show reflections of brain maturation and development)
      • To make sense of neural static/activity(the brain is attempting to make sense of all that is around it)
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11
Q

Major Sleep Disorders: Insomnia

A

impacts 1/10 people which is characterized by a difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep and getting back to sleep.

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12
Q

Major Sleep Disorders: Narcolepsy

A

impacts 1/2000 adults which is characterized by a sudden attack of overwhelming sleepiness or need to sleep which lasts for less than 5 mins.

	○ Supposedly caused by a lack of Hypocretin, a brain chemical which regulates sleep as result of an autoimmune disease
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13
Q

Major Sleep Disorders: Sleep Apnea

A

impacts 1/20 adults which is characterized by repeated stopping of breathing during sleep

  • Thought to be caused by excessive weight associated with soft tissues in the throat and mouth such as the tongue which when relaxed blocks air pathways.
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14
Q

Major Sleep Disorders: NightTerrors

A

impacts 1/30 children which is characterized by sleep talking and sleep walking during NREM stage 3

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15
Q

Differences between NightTerrors and NightMares

A
  • Terrors occur 1-3 hours after falling asleep while Mares are after 3 hours
    • Terrors start by a sudden cry of fear while Mares begins in a build up of crying
    • Terrors show no response to comfort while Mares have positive responses
    • Terrors are not remembered in the morning while Mares are remembered
16
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

a chemical that changes our state of consciousness and particularly alters our perceptions and mood

- Can be prescribed as sleeping pills, tranquilizers and anxiety medication
- Impact mood by influencing how neurotransmitters operate at the synapses of the CNS
17
Q

Types of Psychoactive Drugs: Stimulants:

A

drugs which excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions by promoting Glutamate increasing mood and energy
○ E.g. caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy, amphetamines, methamphetamines

18
Q

Types of Psychoactive Drugs: Depressants:

A

suppress the nervous system and reduce neural activity by inhibiting GABA making you relaxed and calm
E.g. Alcohol, Barbiturates, opiates(painkillers)

19
Q

Types of Depressants:

A
  • alcohol
  • barbiturates
  • Opiates
20
Q

Types of Psychoactive Drugs: Hallucinogens

A

disrupt or alter consciousness by affecting perception of time and by creating visions that are not real
E.g. LSD, mushrooms, Ketamine

21
Q

Signs of an alcohol Disorder

A
  • Frequent uses
  • Hides uses
  • Uses despite interferences with work and relationships
  • Cannot stop or cutdown
22
Q

Barbiturates

A

depress the activity of the CNS, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

- Classed as sedative hypnotics 
- E.g. Nembutal, Seconal, Amytal
23
Q

Opiates

A

opium and its derivatives depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

24
Q

Factors upsetting our Circadian Rhythms

A
  • The use of caffeine
    • Use of stimulant drugs
    • Shift work
      International travel and jetlag
25
Q

Freuds Views on dreams

A

Freuds view on dreams
- Safety valves for our mind; our minds way of relieving stress
- portray unconscious motivations

Freud suggests that dreams have two parts
○ The manifest content: the storyline
The latent content: the symbolic meaning

26
Q

Major Sleep Disorders: Sleep Walking

A

involves getting up and walking around while in a state of sleep.

	○ More common in children and is usually outgrown in their late teen years

	○ Isolated incidents don’t signal serious issues

	○ Recurrent sleepwalking may suggest underlying physiological or psychological issues
27
Q

Factors Leading to Sleep Walking

A
  • Sleep deprivation
    • Stress
    • Fever
    • Sleep schedule disruptions
    • Sleep disordered breathing(sleep apnea)
      Certain medications
28
Q

Why do we Sleep

A

Why do we Sleep:
- To rest
- To recover and restore body tissues
- Growth: pituitary releases growth hormones during sleep

Psychology 100 (12 decks)

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