Chapter 1 - History of Psychology

Question 1

Schools of thought in Psychology

Answer 1

• functionalism
• structuralism
• Introspection
• behaviorism
• Gestalt Psychology
• Psychoanalysis
• Humanistic Perspective
• Cognitive Psychology

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

focuses on us having a function and a reason to us being aware of ourselves and our environment which helps us to adapt to our environment and therefore survive

• influenced by Darwin’s evolutionary theory(fittest to environmental factors adapt and therefore survive)

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

the way to learn about the brain and its functions was to break the mind down into its most basic elements

- Sought to identify the components(structures) of the mind

- Done through using our 5 senses

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment through a process called conditioning(behavior is in response to environmental stimuli)

- All that we do is learnt either consciously or unconsciously

Question 5

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 5

the idea we view the world in terms of organized patterns not individual sensations(sensation perception)

- Gives us the rules for how our minds receives sensations and then perceives it to make meaning of it

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Question 6

Psychoanalysis

Answer 6

focuses on how unconscious motivations and childhood/past experiences impacts your personality and behavior’s

• Personality is mostly established by the age of 5 due to early development experiences

Question 7

Unconscious Motivations as part of psychoanalysis

Answer 7

• Ego: the conscious part of your brain which mediates between superego and Id
  • Superego: judgmentally and morally correct part of your brain
    • ID: impulsive part of your personality driven by pleasure and repulsed by pain

Question 8

Childhood Psychosexual stages of development as part of psychoanalysis

Answer 8

• Oral: birth to yr 1(mouth)
  • Anal: yr1-yr3(bowel and bladder control)
  • Phallic yr 3- yr 6(genitals)
  • Latent yr 6- puberty(libido inactive)
    • Genital Stages: puberty - death(maturing sexual interest)

Question 9

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 9

looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization

• strives to help people fulfill their potential and maximize their well-being
  • Conditional positive regard: only affirms good behaviors
  • Unconditional positive regard: regardless of good and bad behavior, children are affirmed

Question 10

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 10

The study of mental processes and how they impact our behavior

- Thinking patterns can lead to maladaptive thoughts and behaviors

Question 11

Introspection

Answer 11

is the individual describing what they see